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A trabalhar com Dados Matriciais

This section describes how to visualize and set raster layer properties. QGIS uses the GDAL library to read and write raster data formats, including ArcInfo Binary Grid, ArcInfo ASCII Grid, GeoTIFF, ERDAS IMAGINE, and many more. GRASS raster support is supplied by a native QGIS data provider plugin. The raster data can also be loaded in read mode from zip and gzip archives into QGIS.

As of the date of this document, more than 100 raster formats are supported by the GDAL library (see GDAL-SOFTWARE-SUITE in Literatura e Referências Web). A complete list is available at http://www.gdal.org/formats_list.html.

Note

Not all of the listed formats may work in QGIS for various reasons. For example, some require external commercial libraries, or the GDAL installation of your OS may not have been built to support the format you want to use. Only those formats that have been well tested will appear in the list of file types when loading a raster into QGIS. Other untested formats can be loaded by selecting the [GDAL] All files (*) filter.

A utilização de dados raster com GRASS está descrita na secção Integração GRASS SIG.

O que são dados raster?

Raster data in GIS are matrices of discrete cells that represent features on, above or below the earth’s surface. Each cell in the raster grid is the same size, and cells are usually rectangular (in QGIS they will always be rectangular). Typical raster datasets include remote sensing data, such as aerial photography, or satellite imagery and modelled data, such as an elevation matrix.

Unlike vector data, raster data typically do not have an associated database record for each cell. They are geocoded by pixel resolution and the x/y coordinate of a corner pixel of the raster layer. This allows QGIS to position the data correctly in the map canvas.

QGIS makes use of georeference information inside the raster layer (e.g., GeoTiff) or in an appropriate world file to properly display the data.

Loading raster data in QGIS

Raster layers are loaded either by clicking on the mActionAddRasterLayer Add Raster Layer icon or by selecting the Layer ‣ mActionAddRasterLayer Add Raster Layer menu option. More than one layer can be loaded at the same time by holding down the Ctrl or Shift key and clicking on multiple items in the Open a GDAL Supported Raster Data Source dialog.

Once a raster layer is loaded in the map legend, you can click on the layer name with the right mouse button to select and activate layer-specific features or to open a dialog to set raster properties for the layer.

Opções do botão direito do rato para camadas raster

  • Aproximar à Extensão da Camada

  • Ampliar à Melhor Escala (100%)

  • Esticar Usando o Enquadramento Actual

  • Adicionar ao Enquadramento

  • Remover

  • Duplicar

  • Definir SRC da Camada

  • Definir SRC do projecto a partir da Camada

  • Guardar como ...

  • Propriedades

  • Renomear

  • Copiar Estilo

  • Adicionar Novo Grupo

  • Expandir Tudo

  • Ocultar Tudo

  • Actualizar Ordem de Desenho