Herramientas generales¶

Renderizado dependiente de la escala¶

El renderizado dependiente de la escala le permite especificar las escalas mínima y máxima a las que una capa será visible. Para establecer el renderizado dependiente de la escala, abra el diálogo Propiedades mediante doble clic en una capa en el panel Capas. En la pestaña General, haga clic en la casilla Visibilidad dependiente de la escala para activar la característica, luego establezca los valores mínimo y máximo de escala.

You can determine the scale values by first zooming to the level you want to use and noting the scale value in the QGIS status bar.

Controlar el renderizado del mapa¶

Map rendering can be controlled in the various ways, as described below.

Measure length, areas and angles¶

^{Measure Line}: QGIS is able to measure real distances between given points according to a defined ellipsoid. To configure this, choose menu option Settings ‣ Options, click on the Map tools tab and select the appropriate ellipsoid. There, you can also define a rubberband color and your preferred measurement units (meters or feet) and angle units (degrees, radians and gon). The tool then allows you to click points on the map. Each segment length, as well as the total, shows up in the measure window. To stop measuring, click your right mouse button. Note that you can interactively change the measurement units in the measurement dialog. It overrides the Preferred measurement units in the options. There is an info section in the dialog that shows which CRS settings are being used during measurement calculations.

Figure Measure 1:

Measure Distance (Gnome)

^{Measure Area}: Areas can also be measured. In the measure window, the accumulated area size appears. In addition, the measuring tool will snap to the currently selected layer, provided that layer has its snapping tolerance set (see section Configurar la tolerancia del autoensamblado y radio de búsqueda). So, if you want to measure exactly along a line feature, or around a polygon feature, first set its snapping tolerance, then select the layer. Now, when using the measuring tools, each mouse click (within the tolerance setting) will snap to that layer.

Figure Measure 2:

Measure Area (Gnome)

^{Measure Angle}: You can also measure angles. The cursor becomes cross-shaped. Click to draw the first segment of the angle you wish to measure, then move the cursor to draw the desired angle. The measure is displayed in a pop-up dialog.

Figure Measure 3:

Measure Angle (Gnome)

Seleccionar y deseleccionar objetos espaciales¶

The QGIS toolbar provides several tools to select features in the map canvas. To select one or several features, just click on and select your tool:

• ^{Select Single Feature}
• ^{Select Features by Rectangle}
• ^{Select Features by Polygon}
• ^{Select Features by Freehand}
• ^{Select Features by Radius}

To deselect all selected features click on ^{Deselect features from all layers}.

^{Select feature using an expression} allow user to select feature using expression dialog. See Expressions chapter for some example.

Users can save features selection into a New Memory Vector Layer or a New Vector Layer using Edit ‣ Paste Feature as ... and choose the mode you want.

Cuadrícula¶

^Cuadrícula permite agregar una rejilla de coordenadas y anotaciones a la vista del mapa.

Figure Decorations 1:

The Grid Dialog

1. Seleccione en el menú Ver ‣ Ilustraciones‣ Cuadrícula. Aparece el díálogo (ver figure_decorations_1).

2. Activar la casilla Activar cuadrícula y establecer la definición de la cuadrícula de acuerdo con las capas cargadas en la vista del mapa.

3. Activar la casilla Dibujar anotaciones y establecer la definición de las anotaciones de acuerdo con las capas cargadas en la vista del mapa.

4. Click [Apply] to verify that it looks as expected.
5. Click [OK] to close the dialog.

Etiqueta de derechos de autor¶

^{Copyright label} adds a copyright label using the text you prefer to the map.

Figure Decorations 2:

The Copyright Dialog

1. Seleccione en el menú Ver ‣ Ilustraciones‣ Etiqueta de Copyright. Aparece el díálogo (ver figure_decorations_2).

2. Escribir el texto que se quiera colocar en el mapa. Se puede usar HTML como se muestra en el ejemplo.

3. Choose the placement of the label from the Placement combo box.

4. Comprobar que la casilla de verificación Activar etiqueta de copyright este marcada.

5. Click [OK].

In the example above, which is the default, QGIS places a copyright symbol followed by the date in the lower right-hand corner of the map canvas.

Flecha del Norte¶

^{North Arrow} places a simple north arrow on the map canvas. At present, there is only one style available. You can adjust the angle of the arrow or let QGIS set the direction automatically. If you choose to let QGIS determine the direction, it makes its best guess as to how the arrow should be oriented. For placement of the arrow, you have four options, corresponding to the four corners of the map canvas.

Figure Decorations 3:

The North Arrow Dialog

Barra de escala¶

^{Scale Bar} adds a simple scale bar to the map canvas. You can control the style and placement, as well as the labeling of the bar.

Figure Decorations 4:

The Scale Bar Dialog

QGIS only supports displaying the scale in the same units as your map frame. So if the units of your layers are in meters, you can’t create a scale bar in feet. Likewise, if you are using decimal degrees, you can’t create a scale bar to display distance in meters.

Para añadir una barra de escala:

1. Seleccionar del menú Ver ‣ Ilustraciones ‣ Barra de escala. Se iniciará el diálogo (ver figure_decorations_4).

2. Choose the placement from the Placement combo box.
3. Choose the style from the Scale bar style combo box.
4. Select the color for the bar Color of bar or use the default black color.
5. Set the size of the bar and its label Size of bar .

6. Comprobar que la casilla de verificación Habilitar barra de escala esté marcada.

7. Optionally, check Automatically snap to round number on resize.
8. Click [OK].

Anotaciones HTML¶

The ^{Html Annotation} tools in the attribute toolbar provides the possibility to place the content of an html file in a balloon on the QGIS map canvas. Using the Html Annotation tool, click into the map canvas and add the path to the html file into the dialog.

Anotaciones SVG¶

The ^{SVG Annotation} tool in the attribute toolbar provides the possibility to place an SVG symbol in a balloon on the QGIS map canvas. Using the SVG Annotation tool, click into the map canvas and add the path to the SVG file into the dialog.

Anotaciones de formulario¶

Additionally, you can also create your own annotation forms. The ^{Form Annotation} tool is useful to display attributes of a vector layer in a customized Qt Designer form (see figure_custom_annotation). This is similar to the designer forms for the Identify features tool, but displayed in an annotation item. Also see this video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0pDBuSbQ02o from Tim Sutton for more information.

Figure annotation 2:

Customized qt designer annotation form

Crear un marcador¶

Para crear un marcador:

1. Hacer zoom o desplazarse al área de interés.

2. Select the menu option View ‣ New Bookmark or press Ctrl-B.

3. Introduzca un nombre descriptivo para el marcador (hasta 255 caracteres).

4. Press Enter to add the bookmark or [Delete] to remove the bookmark.

Tenga en cuenta que puede tener múltiples marcadores con el mismo nombre.

Trabajar con marcadores¶

To use or manage bookmarks, select the menu option View ‣ Show Bookmarks. The Geospatial Bookmarks dialog allows you to zoom to or delete a bookmark. You cannot edit the bookmark name or coordinates.

Zooming to a Bookmark¶

From the Geospatial Bookmarks dialog, select the desired bookmark by clicking on it, then click [Zoom To]. You can also zoom to a bookmark by double-clicking on it.

Deleting a Bookmark¶

To delete a bookmark from the Geospatial Bookmarks dialog, click on it, then click [Delete]. Confirm your choice by clicking [Yes], or cancel the delete by clicking [No].

Import or export a bookmark¶

To share or transfer your bookmarks between computers you can use the Share pull down menu in the Geospatial Bookmarks dialog.

Empotrar capas¶

El siguiente cuadro de diálogo le permite incluir capas de otros proyectos. Aquí un pequeño ejemplo:

1. Press to look for another project from the Alaska dataset.
2. Select the project file grassland. You can see the content of the project (see figure_embed_dialog).
3. Press Ctrl and click on the layers grassland and regions. Press [OK]. The selected layers are embedded in the map legend and the map view now.

Figure Nesting 1:

Select layers and groups to embed

Si bien las capas incrustadas son editables, no se pueden cambiar sus propiedades como estilo y etiquetado.

Eliminar capas incrustadas¶

Right-click on the embedded layer and choose ^Remove.