Os <i>snippets</i> de código nesta página precisam das seguintes importações se estiver fora da console pyqgis:

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from qgis.core import (
  QgsProject,
  QgsSettings,
  QgsVectorLayer
)

12. Leitura e Armazenamento de Configurações

Várias vezes é útil para o módulo salvar algumas variáveis para que o utilizador não necessite de introduzir ou seleccionar outra vez numa próxima vez que o módulo corra.

These variables can be saved and retrieved with help of Qt and QGIS API. For each variable, you should pick a key that will be used to access the variable — for user’s favourite color you could use key «favourite_color» or any other meaningful string. It is recommended to give some structure to naming of keys.

We can differentiate between several types of settings:

  • global settings — they are bound to the user at a particular machine. QGIS itself stores a lot of global settings, for example, main window size or default snapping tolerance. Settings are handled using the QgsSettings class, through for example the setValue() and value() methods.

    Here you can see an example of how these methods are used.

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    def store():
  s = QgsSettings()
  s.setValue("myplugin/mytext", "hello world")
  s.setValue("myplugin/myint",  10)
  s.setValue("myplugin/myreal", 3.14)

def read():
  s = QgsSettings()
  mytext = s.value("myplugin/mytext", "default text")
  myint  = s.value("myplugin/myint", 123)
  myreal = s.value("myplugin/myreal", 2.71)
  nonexistent = s.value("myplugin/nonexistent", None)
  print(mytext)
  print(myint)
  print(myreal)
  print(nonexistent)

    The second parameter of the value() method is optional and specifies the default value that is returned if there is no previous value set for the passed setting name.

    For a method to pre-configure the default values of the global settings through the global_settings.ini file, see Deploying QGIS within an organization for further details.

  • project settings — vary between different projects and therefore they are connected with a project file. Map canvas background color or destination coordinate reference system (CRS) are examples — white background and WGS84 might be suitable for one project, while yellow background and UTM projection are better for another one.

    An example of usage follows.

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    proj = QgsProject.instance()

# store values
proj.writeEntry("myplugin", "mytext", "hello world")
proj.writeEntry("myplugin", "myint", 10)
proj.writeEntryDouble("myplugin", "mydouble", 0.01)
proj.writeEntryBool("myplugin", "mybool", True)

# read values (returns a tuple with the value, and a status boolean
# which communicates whether the value retrieved could be converted to
# its type, in these cases a string, an integer, a double and a boolean
# respectively)

mytext, type_conversion_ok = proj.readEntry("myplugin",
                                            "mytext",
                                            "default text")
myint, type_conversion_ok = proj.readNumEntry("myplugin",
                                              "myint",
                                              123)
mydouble, type_conversion_ok = proj.readDoubleEntry("myplugin",
                                                    "mydouble",
                                                    123)
mybool, type_conversion_ok = proj.readBoolEntry("myplugin",
                                                "mybool",
                                                123)

    As you can see, the writeEntry() method is used for many data types (integer, string, list), but several methods exist for reading the setting value back, and the corresponding one has to be selected for each data type.

  • map layer settings — these settings are related to a particular instance of a map layer with a project. They are not connected with underlying data source of a layer, so if you create two map layer instances of one shapefile, they will not share the settings. The settings are stored inside the project file, so if the user opens the project again, the layer-related settings will be there again. The value for a given setting is retrieved using the customProperty() method, and can be set using the setCustomProperty() one.

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    vlayer = QgsVectorLayer()
# save a value
vlayer.setCustomProperty("mytext", "hello world")

# read the value again (returning "default text" if not found)
mytext = vlayer.customProperty("mytext", "default text")