9. QGIS Configuration¶
QGIS is highly configurable. Through the
menu, it provides different tools to:Style Manager…: create and manage symbols, styles and color ramps.
Custom Projections…: create your own coordinate reference systems.
Keyboard Shortcuts…: define your own set of keyboard shortcuts. Also, they can be overridden during each QGIS session by the project properties (accessible under menu).
Interface Customization…: configure the application interface, hiding dialogs or tools you may not need.
Options…: set global options to apply in different areas of the software. These preferences are saved in the active User profile settings and applied by default whenever you open a new project with this profile.
9.1. Opções¶
Some basic options for QGIS can be selected using the Options dialog. Select the menu option . You can modify the options according to your needs. Some of the changes may require a restart of QGIS before they will be effective.
The tabs where you can customize your options are described below.
Nota
Plugins can embed their settings within the Options dialog
While only Core settings are presented below, note that this list can be extended by installed plugins implementing their own options into the standard Options dialog. This avoids each plugin having their own config dialog with extra menu items just for them…
9.1.1. General Settings¶
Override System Locale
By default, QGIS relies on your Operating System configuration to set language and manipulate numerical values. Enabling this group allows you to customize the behavior.
Select from User interface translation the language to apply to the GUI
Select in Locale (number, date and currency formats) the system on which date and numeric values should be input and rendered
A summary of the selected settings and how they would be interpreted is displayed at the bottom of the frame.
Aplicação
Select the Style (QGIS restart required) ie, the widgets look and placement in dialogs. Possible values depend on your Operating System.
Define the UI theme (QGIS restart required) . It can be “default”, “Night Mapping”, or “Blend of Gray”
Define the Font and its Size. The font can be Qt default or a user-defined one
Change the Timeout for timed messages or dialogs
Show QGIS news feed on welcome page: displays a curated QGIS news feed on the welcome page, giving you a direct way to be aware of project news (user/developer meetings date and summary, community surveys, releases announcements, various tips…)
Check QGIS version at startup to keep you informed if a newer version is released
Use native color chooser dialogs (see Selector de Cor)
Modeless data source manager dialog to keep the data source manager dialog opened and allow interaction with QGIS interface while adding layers to project
Ficheiros de projecto
Open project on launch
“Welcome Page” (default): can display the «News» feed, the project template(s) and the most recent projects (with thumbnails) of the user profile. No project is opened by default.
“New”: opens a new project, based on the default template
“Most recent”: reopens the last saved project
and “Specific”: opens a particular project. Use the … button to define the project to use by default.
Create new project from default project. Tem a possibilidade de carregar em Set current project as default ou em Reset default. Pode navegar através dos seus ficheiros e definir uma directoria onde encontrar os modelos de projecto definidos pelo utilizador. Isto será adicionado a . Primeiro active Create new project from default project e a seguir salve o projecto dentro da pasta de modelos de projecto.
Prompt to save project and data source changes when required to avoid losing changes you made.
Warn when opening a project file saved with an older version of QGIS. You can always open projects created with older version of QGIS but once the project is saved, trying to open with older release may fail because of features not available in that version.
Enable macros . This option was created to handle macros that are written to perform an action on project events. You can choose between “Never”, “Ask”, “For this session only” and “Always (not recommended)”.
Default project file format
QGZ Archive file format, embeds auxiliary data (see auxiliary data)
QGS Project saved in a clear text, does not embed auxiliary data: the auxiliary data is stored in a separate
.qgd
file along with the project file.
9.1.2. System Settings¶
SVG paths
Add or Remove Path(s) to search for Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG) symbols. These SVG files are then available to symbolize or label the features or decorate your map composition.
When using an SVG file in a symbol or a label, QGIS allows you to:
load the file from the file system: the file is identified through the file path and QGIS needs to resolve the path in order to display the corresponding image
load the file from a remote URL: as above, the image will only be loaded on successful retrieval of the remote resource
embed the SVG file into the item: the file is embedded inside the current project, style database, or print layout template. The SVG file is then always rendered as part of the item. This is a convenient way to create self-contained projects with custom SVG symbols which can be easily shared amongst different users and installations of QGIS.
It is also possible to extract the embedded SVG file from a symbol or label and save it on disk.
Nota
The above mentioned options for loading and storing an SVG file in a project are also applicable to raster images you may want to use for customizing symbols, labels or decorations.
Directórios dos módulos
Add or Remove Path(s) to search for additional C++ plugin libraries.
Documentation paths
Add or Remove Documentation Path(s) to use for QGIS help. By default, a link to the official online User Manual corresponding to the version being used is added. You can however add other links and prioritize them from top to bottom: each time you click on a Help button in a dialog, the topmost link is checked and if no corresponding page is found, the next one is tried, and so on.
Nota
Documentation is versioned and translated only for QGIS Long Term Releases (LTR), meaning that if you are running a regular release (eg, QGIS 3.0), the help button will by default open the next LTR manual page (ie. 3.4 LTR), which may contain description of features in newer releases (3.2 and 3.4). If no LTR documentation is available then the testing doc, with features from newer and development versions, is used.
Settings
It helps you Reset user interface to default settings (restart required) if you made any customization.
Ambiente
System environment variables can be viewed, and many configured, in the Environment group. This is useful for platforms, such as Mac, where a GUI application does not necessarily inherit the user’s shell environment. It’s also useful for setting and viewing environment variables for the external tool sets controlled by the Processing toolbox (e.g., SAGA, GRASS), and for turning on debugging output for specific sections of the source code.
Use custom variables (restart required - include separators). You can Add and Remove variables. Already defined environment variables are displayed in Current environment variables, and it’s possible to filter them by activating Show only QGIS-specific variables.
9.1.3. CRS Settings¶
Nota
For more information on how QGIS handles layer projection, please read the dedicated section at Trabalhando com Projecções.
CRS for projects
There is an option to automatically set new project’s CRS:
Use CRS from first layer added: the CRS of the project will be set to the CRS of the first layer loaded into it
Use a default CRS: a preselected CRS is applied by default to any new project and is left unchanged when adding layers to the project.
The choice will be saved for use in subsequent QGIS sessions. The Coordinate Reference System of the project can still be overridden from the
tab.CRS for layers
Default CRS for layers: select a default CRS to use when you create a layer
You can also define the action to take when a new layer is created, or when a layer without a CRS is loaded.
Planimetric measurements: sets the default for the «planimetric measurements» property for newly created projects.
9.1.4. Transformations Settings¶
The Transformations tab helps you set coordinate transformations and operations to apply when loading a layer to a project or reprojecting a layer.
Default datum transformations
In this group, you can control whether reprojecting layers to another CRS should be:
automatically processed using QGIS default transformations settings;
and/or more controlled by you with custom preferences such as:
a predefined list of datum transformations to apply by default. See Datum Transformations for more details.
9.1.5. Data Sources Settings¶
Atributos dos elementos e tabela
Copy features as “Plain text, no geometry”, “Plain text, WKT geometry”, or “GeoJSON” when pasting features in other applications.
Attribute table behavior : set filter on the attribute table at the opening. There are three possibilities: “Show all features”, “Show selected features” and “Show features visible on map”.
Default view: define the view mode of the attribute table at every opening. It can be “Remember last view”, “Table view” or “Form view”.
Attribute table row cache . This row cache makes it possible to save the last loaded N attribute rows so that working with the attribute table will be quicker. The cache will be deleted when closing the attribute table.
Representação para valores NULL. Aqui, pode definir um valor para os campos de dados que contêm valores NULL.
Dica
Improve opening of big data attribute table
When working with layers with big amount of records, opening the attribute table may be slow as the dialog request all the rows in the layer. Setting the Attribute table behavior to Show features visible on map will make QGIS request only the features in the current map canvas when opening the table, allowing a quick data loading.
Note that data in this attribute table instance will be always tied to the canvas extent it was opened with, meaning that selecting Show All Features within such a table will not display new features. You can however update the set of displayed features by changing the canvas extent and selecting Show Features Visible On Map option in the attribute table.
Manipulação das fontes de dados
Scan for valid items in the browser dock . You can choose between “Check extension” and “Check file contents”.
Scan for contents of compressed files (.zip) in browser dock defines how detailed is the widget information at the bottom of the Browser panel when querying such files. “No”, “Basic scan” and “Full scan” are possible options.
Prompt for raster sublayers when opening. Some rasters support sublayers — they are called subdatasets in GDAL. An example is netCDF files — if there are many netCDF variables, GDAL sees every variable as a subdataset. The option allows you to control how to deal with sublayers when a file with sublayers is opened. You have the following choices:
‘Sempre’: Perguntar sempre (se existem subcamadas)
‘Se necessário’: Perguntar se a camada não tem bandas, mas tem subcamadas
‘Nunca’: Nunca pede, não irá carregar nada
‘Carregar tudo’: Nunca pede, mas carrega todas as subcamadas
Ignore shapefile encoding declaration. If a shapefile has encoding information, this will be ignored by QGIS.
Execute expressions on server-side if possible: When requesting features from a datasource, QGIS will try to optimize requests by sending filter criteria directly to the server and only download the features which match the criteria. For example, if for a list on the user interface only the farmers which live in Bern should be listed, QGIS will send a
WHERE "hometown" = 'Bern'
to the database. In some cases, filter criteria are too complex to be translated from QGIS Expressions to database compatible SQL. In those cases, QGIS will download the whole data and filter locally to be on the safe side, which is much less performant.By disabling this option, QGIS can be forced to always download the whole data and filter locally, at the expense of a performance penalty. This option is meant as a safety break and should only be deactivated if you identify a misbehavior of the QGIS expression translation engine.
Hidden Browser Path
This widget lists all the folders you chose to hide from the Browser panel. Removing a folder from the list will make it available in the Browser panel.
Localized paths
It is possible to use localized paths for any kind of file based data source.
They are a list of paths which are used to abstract the data source location.
For instance, if C:\my_maps
is listed in the localized paths,
a layer having C:\my_maps\my_country\ortho.tif
as data source
will be saved in the project using localized:my_country\ortho.tif
.
The paths are listed by order of preference, in other words QGIS will first look for the file in the first path, then in the second one, etc.
9.1.6. Rendering Settings¶
Rendering behavior
By default new layers added to the map should be displayed: unchecking this option can be handy when loading multiple layers to avoid each new layer being rendered in the canvas and slow down the process
Map update interval (default to 250 ms)
Enable feature simplification by default for newly added layers
Simplification threshold
Simplification algorithm: This option performs a local «on-the-fly» simplification on feature’s and speeds up geometry rendering. It doesn’t change the geometry fetched from the data providers. This is important when you have expressions that use the feature geometry (e.g. calculation of area) - it ensures that these calculations are done on the original geometry, not on the simplified one. For this purpose, QGIS provides three algorithms: “Distance” (default), “SnapToGrid” and “Visvalingam”.
Simplify on provider side if possible: the geometries are simplified by the provider (PostGIS, Oracle…) and unlike the local-side simplification, geometry-based calculations may be affected
Maximum scale at which the layer should be simplified
Magnification level (see the magnifier)
Nota
Besides the global setting, feature simplification can be set for any specific layer from its
menu.Qualidade de renderização
Curve segmentation
Segmentation tolerance: this setting controls the way circular arcs are rendered. The smaller maximum angle (between the two consecutive vertices and the curve center, in degrees) or maximum difference (distance between the segment of the two vertices and the curve line, in map units), the more straight line segments will be used during rendering.
Tolerance type: it can be Maximum angle or Maximum difference between approximation and curve.
Matriciais
Com a Selecção de banda RGB pode definir o número para a banda Vermelha, Verde e Azul.
The Zoomed in resampling and the Zoomed out resampling methods can be defined. For Zoomed in resampling you can choose between three resampling methods: “Nearest Neighbour”, “Bilinear” and “Cubic”. For Zoomed out resampling you can choose between “Nearest Neighbour” and “Average”. You can also set the Oversampling value (between 0.0 and 99.99 - a large value means more work for QGIS - the default value is 2.0).
Contrast enhancement
Contrast enhancement options can be applied to Single band gray, Multi band color (byte/band) or Multi band color (>byte/band). For each, you can set:
the Algorithm to use, whose values can be “No stretch”, “Stretch to MinMax”, “Stretch and Clip to MinMax” or “Clip to MinMax”
the Limits (minimum/maximum) to apply, with values such as “Cumulative pixel count cut”, “Minimum/Maximum”, “Mean +/- standard deviation”.
For rasters rendering, you can also define the following options:
Limites de contagem cumulativa de pixeis de corte
Multiplicador do desvio-padrão
Corrigindo Erros
9.1.7. Canvas and Legend Settings¶
These properties let you set:
the Default map appearance (overridden by project properties): the Selection color and Background color.
Layer legend interaction:
Double click action in legend . You can either “Open layer properties”, “Open attribute table” or “Open layer styling dock” with the double click.
Display classification attribute names in the Layers panel, e.g. when applying a categorized or rule-based renderer (see Symbology Properties for more information).
the WMS getLegendGraphic Resolution
Minimum and Maximum legend symbol size to control symbol size display in the Layers panel
the Delay in milliseconds of layers map tips display
9.1.8. Map tools Settings¶
This tab offers some options regarding the behavior of the Identify tool.
Search radius for identifying features and displaying map tips is a tolerance distance within which the identify tool will depict results as long as you click within this tolerance.
Highlight color allows you to choose with which color features being identified should be highlighted.
Buffer determines a buffer distance to be rendered from the outline of the identify highlight.
Minimum width determines how thick should the outline of a highlighted object be.
Ferramenta de medida
Define Cor do elástico para as ferramentas de medida
Define Casas decimais
Keep base unit to not automatically convert large numbers (e.g., meters to kilometers)
Preferred distance units: options are “Meters”, “Kilometers”, “Feet”, “Yards”, “Miles”, “Nautical Miles”, “Centimeters”, “Millimeters”, “Degrees” or “Map Units”
Preferred area units: options are “Square meters”, “Square kilometers”, “Square feet”, “Square yards”, “Square miles”, “Hectares”, “Acres”, “Square nautical miles”, “Square centimeters”, “Square millimeters”, “Square degrees” or “Map Units”
Preferred angle units: options are “Degrees”, “Radians”, “Gon/gradians”, “Minutes of arc”, “Seconds of arc”, “Turns/revolutions”, milliradians (SI definition) or mil (NATO/military definition)
Coordinate and Bearing Display
Define Default bearing format for new projects: used to display the mouse coordinate in the status bar when panning the map canvas. It can be overridden in the project properties dialog.
Movendo e ampliando
Define a Zoom factor for zoom tools or wheel mouse
Escalas pré-definidas
Here, you find a list of predefined scales. With the
and buttons you can add or remove your personal scales.
You can also import or export scales from/to a .XML
file. Note that you
still have the possibility to remove your changes and reset to the predefined
list.
9.1.9. Colors Settings¶
This menu allows you to create or update palettes of colors used throughout the application in the color selector widget. You can choose from:
Recent colors showing recently used colors
Standard colors, the default palette of colors
Project colors, a set of colors specific to the current project (see Default Styles Properties for more details)
New layer colors, a set of colors to use by default when new layers are added to QGIS
or custom palette(s) you can create or import using the … button next to the palette combobox.
By default, Recent colors, Standard colors and Project colors palettes can not be removed and are set to appear in the color button drop-down. Custom palettes can also be added to this widget thanks to the Show in Color Buttons option.
For any of the palettes, you can manage the list of colors using the set of tools next to the frame, ie:
Double-click a color in the list to tweak or replace it in the Color Selector dialog. You can also rename it by double-clicking in the Label column.
9.1.10. Digitizing Settings¶
This tab helps you configure general settings when editing vector layer (attributes and geometry).
Criação de elementos
Suppress attribute form pop-up after feature creation: this choice can be overridden in each layer properties dialog.
Reuse last entered attribute values: remember the last used value of every attribute and use it as default for the next feature being digitized. Works per layer.
Validate geometries. Editing complex lines and polygons with many nodes can result in very slow rendering. This is because the default validation procedures in QGIS can take a lot of time. To speed up rendering, it is possible to select GEOS geometry validation (starting from GEOS 3.3) or to switch it off. GEOS geometry validation is much faster, but the disadvantage is that only the first geometry problem will be reported.
Note that depending on the selection, reports of geometry errors may differ (see Types of error messages and their meanings)
Default Z value to use when creating new 3D features.
Elástico
Define Rubberband Line width, Line color and Fill color.
Don’t update rubberband during vertex editing.
Ajuste
Enable snapping by default activates snapping when a project is opened
Define Default snap mode (“Vertex”, “Vertex and segment”, “Segment”)
Define Tolerância de atracção pré-definida em unidades de mapa ou pixeis
Define o Raio de pesquisa para editar vértices em unidades de mapa ou pixeis
Display main dialog as (restart required): set whether the Advanced Snapping dialog should be shown as “Dialog” or “Dock”.
Snapping marker color
Show snapping tooltips such as name of the layer whose feature you are about to snap. Helpful when multiple features overlap.
Enable snapping on invisible features (not shown on the map canvas)
Marcadores de Vértices
Define vertex Marker style (“Cross” (default), “Semi transparent circle” or “None”)
Define vertex Marker size (in millimeter)
Ferramenta de curva de afastamento
The next 3 options refer to the Offset Curve tool in Digitalização Avançada. Through the various settings, it is possible to influence the shape of the line offset. These options are possible starting from GEOS 3.3.
Join style: “Round”, “Mitre” or “Bevel”
Quadrant segments
Miter limit
Tracing
By activating the Convert tracing to curve you can create curve segments while digitizing. Keep in mind that your data provider must support this feature.
9.1.11. Layouts Settings¶
Composition defaults
You can define the Default font used within the print layout.
Aparência da Grelha
Grid and guide defaults
Layout Paths
Define Path(s) to search for extra print templates: a list of folders with custom layout templates to use while creating new one.
9.1.12. GDAL Settings¶
GDAL is a data exchange library for geospatial data that supports a large number of vector and raster formats. It provides drivers to read and (often) write data in these formats. The GDAL tab exposes the drivers for raster and vector formats with their capabilities.
9.1.12.1. Raster driver options¶
This frame provides ways to customize the behavior of raster drivers that support read and write access:
Edit create options: allows you to edit or add different profiles of file transformation, i.e. a set of predefined combinations of parameters (type and level of compression, blocks size, overview, colorimetry, alpha…) to use when outputting raster files. The parameters depend on the driver.
The upper part of the dialog lists the current profile(s) and allows you to add new ones or remove any of them. You can also reset the profile to its default parameters if you have changed them. Some drivers (eg, GeoTiff) have some sample of profiles you can work with.
At the bottom of the dialog:
The button lets you add rows to fill with the parameter name and value
Click the Validate button to check that the creation options entered for the given format are valid
Use the Help button to find the parameters to use, or refer to the GDAL raster drivers documentation.
Edit Pyramids Options
9.1.12.2. GDAL raster and vector drivers¶
The Raster Drivers and Vector Drivers (in a separated tab) allow you to define which GDAL driver is enabled to read and/or write files, as in some cases more than one GDAL driver is available.
Dica
Double-click a raster driver that allows read and write access
(rw+(v)
) opens the Edit Create options
dialog for customization.
9.1.13. Variables Settings¶
The Variables tab lists all the variables available at the global-level.
It also allows the user to manage global-level variables. Click the button to add a new custom global-level variable. Likewise, select a custom global-level variable from the list and click the button to remove it.
More information about variables in the Armazenar valores em Variáveis section.
9.1.14. Authentication Settings¶
In the Authentication tab you can set authentication configurations and manage PKI certificates. See Sistema de Autenticação for more details.
9.1.15. Network Settings¶
Geral
Define Tempo esgotado para pedidos de rede (ms) - o padrão é 60000
Define Default expiration period for WMS Capabilities (hours) - default is 24
Define Default expiration period for WMS-C/WMTS tiles (hours) - default is 24
Define Max retry in case of tile or feature request errors
Define User-Agent
Configurações de cache
Defines the Directory and a Size for the cache. Also offers tools to automatically clear the connection authentication cache on SSL errors (recommended).
Proxy for web access
Set the Proxy type according to your needs and define “Host” and “Port”. Available proxy types are:
: Proxy is determined based on system’s proxy
: Proxy genérico para qualquer tipo de ligação. Suporta TCP, UDP, unindo a uma porta (ligações de entrada) e autenticação.
: Implementado usando o comando «LIGAR» , apenas suporta ligações TCP de saída; suporta autenticação.
: Implementado usando comandos HTTP normais, é útil apenas no contexto de pedidos HTTP.
: Implementado usando um proxy FTP, é útil no contexto de pedidos FTP.
Credentials of proxy are set using the authentication widget.
Excluding some URLs can be added to the text box below the proxy settings (see Fig. 9.16). No proxy will be used if the target url starts with one of the string listed in this text box.
If you need more detailed information about the different proxy settings, please refer to the manual of the underlying QT library documentation at https://doc.qt.io/qt-5.9/qnetworkproxy.html#ProxyType-enum
Dica
Usando Proxies
Using proxies can sometimes be tricky. It is useful to proceed by “trial and error” with the above proxy types, to check if they succeed in your case.
9.1.16. Locator Settings¶
The Locator tab lets you configure the Locator bar, a quick search widget available on the status bar to help you perform searches in the application. It provides some default filters (with prefix) to use:
Project layers (
l
): finds and selects a layer in the Layers panel.Project layouts (
pl
): finds and opens a print layout.Actions (
.
): finds and executes a QGIS action; actions can be any tool or menu in QGIS, opening a panel…Active layer features (
f
): searches for matching attributes in any field from the current active layer and zooms to the selected feature. Press to configure the maximum number of results.Features in all layers (
af
): searches for matching attributes in the display name of each searchable layers and zooms to the selected feature. Press to configure the maximum number of results and the maximum number of results per layer.Calculator (
=
): allows evaluation of any QGIS expression and, if valid, gives an option to copy the result to the clipboard.Spatial bookmarks (
b
): finds and zooms to the bookmark extent.Settings (
set
): browses and opens project and application-wide properties dialogs.Go to coordinate (
go
): pans the map canvas to a location defined by a comma or space separated pair of x and y coordinates or a formatted URL (e.g., OpenStreetMap, Leaflet, OpenLayer, Google Maps, …). The coordinate is expected in WGS 84 (epsg:4326
) and/or map canvas CRS.Processing algorithms (
a
): searches and opens a Processing algorithm dialog.Edit selected features (
ef
): gives quick access and runs a compatible modify-in-place Processing algorithm on the active layer.
In the dialog, you can:
customize the filter Prefix, i.e. the keyword to use to trigger the filter
set whether the filter is Enabled: the filter can be used in the searches and a shortcut is available in the locator bar menu
set whether the filter is Default: a search not using a filter returns results from only the default filters categories.
Some filters provide a way to configure the number of results in a search.
The set of default locator filters can be extended by plugins, eg for OSM nominatim searches, direct database searching, layer catalog searches, …
9.1.17. Advanced Settings¶
All the settings related to QGIS (UI, tools, data providers, Processing
configurations, default values and paths, plugins options, expressions,
geometry checks…) are saved in a QGIS/QGIS3.ini
file under the active
user profile directory.
Configurations can be shared by copying this file to other installations.
From within QGIS, the Advanced tab offers a way to manage these
settings through the Advanced Settings Editor.
After you promise to be careful, the widget is populated with a tree of all
the existing settings, and you can edit their value.
Right-click over a setting or a group and you can delete it
(to add a setting or group, you have to edit the QGIS3.ini
file).
Changes are automatically saved in the QGIS3.ini
file.
Aviso
Avoid using the Advanced tab settings blindly
Be careful while modifying items in this dialog given that changes are automatically applied. Doing changes without knowledge can break your QGIS installation in various ways.
9.1.18. Acceleration Settings¶
OpenCL acceleration settings.
Depending on your hardware and software, you may have to install additional libraries to enable OpenCL acceleration.
9.1.19. Processing Settings¶
The Processing tab provides you with general settings of tools and data providers that are used in the QGIS Processing framework. More information at Infraestrutura do Processamento QGIS.
9.1.20. Python Console Settings¶
The Python Console settings help you manage and control the behavior of the Python editors (interactive console, code editor, project macros, custom expressions, …). It can also be accessed using the Options… button from:
the Python console toolbar
the contextual menu of the Python console widget
and the contextual menu of the code editor.
You can specify:
Autocompletion: Enables code completion. You can get autocompletion from the current document, the installed API files or both.
Autocompletion threshold: Sets the threshold for displaying the autocompletion list (in characters)
under Typing
under Run and Debug
For APIs you can specify:
Using preloaded APIs file: You can choose if you would like to use the preloaded API files. If this is not checked you can add API files and you can also choose if you would like to use prepared API files (see next option).
Using prepared APIs file: If checked, the chosen
*.pap
file will be used for code completion. To generate a prepared API file you have to load at least one*.api
file and then compile it by clicking the Compile APIs… button.Under GitHub access token, you can generate a personal token allowing you to share code snippets from within the Python code editor. More details on GitHub authentication
9.1.21. Code Editor Settings¶
In the Code Editor tab, you can control the appearance and behaviour of code editor widgets (Python interactive console and editor, expression widget and function editor, …).
At the top of the dialog, a widget provides a live preview of the current settings, in various coding languages (Python, QGIS expression, HTML, SQL, JavaScript). A convenient way to adjust settings.
Check Override code editor font to modify the default Font family and Size.
Under the Colors group, you can:
select a Color scheme: predefined settings are
Default
,Solarized Dark
andSolarized Light
. ACustom
scheme is triggered as soon as you modify a color and can be reset with selecting a predefined scheme.change the color of each element in code writing, such as the colors to use for comments, quotes, functions, background, …
9.2. Working with User Profiles¶
The
menu provides functions to set and access user profiles. A user profile is a unified application configuration that allows to store in a single folder:all the global settings, including locale, projections, authentication settings, color palettes, shortcuts…
GUI configurations and customization
grid files and other proj helper files installed for datum transformation
installed plugins and their configurations
project templates and history of saved project with their image preview
processing settings, logs, scripts, models.
By default, a QGIS installation contains a single user profile named default
.
But you can create as many user profiles as you want:
Click the New profile… entry.
You’ll be prompted to provide a profile name, creating a folder of the same name under
~/<UserProfiles>/
where:~
represents the HOME directory, which on Windows is usually something likeC:\Users\(user)
.and
<UserProfiles>
represents the main profiles folder, i.e.:
The user profile folder can be opened from within QGIS using the Open Active Profile Folder.
A new instance of QGIS is started, using a clean configuration. You can then set your custom configurations.
If you have more than one profile in your QGIS installation, the name of the active profile is shown in the application title bar between square brackets.
As each user profile contains isolated settings, plugins and history they can be great for different workflows, demos, users of the same machine, or testing settings, etc. And you can switch from one to the other by selecting them in the command line.
menu. You can also run QGIS with a specific user profile from theUnless changed, the profile of the last closed QGIS session will be used in the following QGIS sessions.
Dica
Run QGIS under a new user profile to check for bug persistence
When you encounter weird behavior with some functions in QGIS, create a new user profile and run the commands again. Sometimes, bugs are related to some leftovers in the current user profile and creating a new one may fix them as it restarts QGIS with the new (clean) profile.
9.3. Propriedades do Projecto¶
In the properties window for the project under Options dialog described above.
, you can set project-specific options. The project-specific options overwrite their equivalent in the9.3.1. General Properties¶
In the General tab, the General settings let you:
see the location of the project file
set the folder for the project home (available in the
Project Home
item in the browser). The path can be relative to the folder of the project file (type it in) or absolute. The project home can be used for storing data and other content that is useful for the project.give a title to the project beside the project file path
choose the color to use for features when they are selected
choose the background color: the color to use for the map canvas
set whether the path to layers in the project should be saved as absolute (full) or as relative to the project file location. You may prefer relative path when both layers and project files can be moved or shared or if the project is accessed from computers on different platforms.
choose to avoid artifacts when project is rendered as map tiles. Note that checking this option can lead to performance degradation.
Calculating areas and distances is a common need in GIS. However, these values are really tied to the underlying projection settings. The Measurements frame lets you control these parameters. You can indeed choose:
the Ellipsoid, on which distance and area calculations are entirely based; it can be:
None/Planimetric: returned values are in this case cartesian measurements.
a Custom one: you’ll need to set values of the semi-major and semi-minor axes.
or an existing one from a predefined list (Clarke 1866, Clarke 1880 IGN, New International 1967, WGS 84…).
the units for distance measurements for length and perimeter and the units for area measurements. These settings, which default to the units set in QGIS options but then overrides it for the current project, are used in:
Attribute table field update bar
Field calculator calculations
Identify tool derived length, perimeter and area values
Default unit shown in measure dialog
The Coordinate and Bearing display allows you to choose and customize the bearing format and the format of units to use to display the mouse coordinate in the status bar and the derived coordinates shown via the identify tool.
Finally, you can set a Project predefined scales list, which overrides the global predefined scales.
9.3.2. Metadata Properties¶
The Metadata tab allows detailed metadata to be defined, including (among the others): author, creation date, language, abstracts, categories, keywords, contact details, links, history. There is also a validation functionality that checks if specific fields were filled, anyway this is not enforced. See vector layer metadata properties for some details.
9.3.3. CRS Properties¶
Nota
For more information on how QGIS handles project projection, please read the dedicated section at Trabalhando com Projecções.
The CRS tab helps you set the coordinate reference system to use in this project. It can be:
No CRS (or unknown/non-Earth projection): layers are drawn based on their raw coordinates
or an existing coordinate reference system that can be geographic, projected or user-defined. Layers added to the project are translated on-the-fly to this CRS in order to overlay them regardless their original CRS.
9.3.4. Transformations Properties¶
The Transformations tab helps you control the layers reprojection settings by configuring the datum transformation preferences to apply in the current project. As usual, these override any corresponding global settings. See Datum Transformations for more details.
9.3.5. Default Styles Properties¶
The Default Styles tab lets you control how new layers will be
drawn in the project when they do not have an existing .qml
style
defined. You can:
Set default symbols (Marker, Line, Fill) to apply depending on the layer geometry type as well as a default Color Ramp
Apply a default Opacity to new layers
Assign random colors to symbols, modifying the symbols fill colors, hence avoiding same rendering for all layers.
Using the Style Manager button, you can also quickly access the Style Manager dialog and configure symbols and color ramps.
There is also an additional section where you can define specific colors for the running project. Like the global colors, you can:
Double-click a color in the list to tweak or replace it in the Color Selector dialog. You can also rename it by double-clicking in the Label column.
These colors are identified as Project colors and listed as part of color widgets.
Dica
Use project colors to quickly assign and update color widgets
Project colors can be refered to using their label and the color widgets they are used in are bound to them. This means that instead of repeatedly setting the same color for many properties and, to avoid a cumbersome update you can:
Define the color as a project color
Click the data defined override widget next to the color property you want to set
Hover over the Color menu and select the project color. The property is then assigned the expression
project_color('color_label')
and the color widget reflects that color.Repeat steps 2 and 3 as much as needed
Update the project color once and the change is reflected EVERYWHERE it’s in use.
9.3.6. Data Sources Properties¶
In the Data Sources tab, you can:
Automatically create transaction groups where possible: When this mode is turned on, all layers from the same database are synchronised in their edit state, i.e. when one layer is put into edit state, all are, when one layer is committed or one layer is rolled back, so are the others. Also, instead of buffering edit changes locally, they are directly sent to a transaction in the database which gets committed when the user clicks save layer. Note that you can (de)activate this option only if no layer is being edited in the project.
Evaluate default values on provider side: When adding new features in a PostgreSQL table, fields with default value constraint are evaluated and populated at the form opening, and not at the commit moment. This means that instead of an expression like
nextval('serial')
, the field in the Add Feature form will display expected value (e.g.,25
).Trust project when data source has no metadata: To speed up project loading by skipping data checks. Useful in QGIS Server context or in projects with huge database views/materialized views. The extent of layers will be read from the QGIS project file (instead of data sources) and when using the PostgreSQL provider the primary key unicity will not be checked for views and materialized views.
Configure the Layers Capabilities, i.e.:
Set (or disable) which layers are
identifiable
, i.e. will respond to the identify tool. By default, layers are set queryable.Set whether a layer should appear as
read-only
, meaning that it can not be edited by the user, regardless of the data provider’s capabilities. Although this is a weak protection, it remains a quick and handy configuration to avoid end-users modifying data when working with file-based layers.Define which layers are
searchable
, i.e. could be queried using the locator widget. By default, layers are set searchable.Define which layers are defined as
required
. Checked layers in this list are protected from inadvertent removal from the project.
The Layers Capabilities table provides some convenient tools to:
9.3.7. Relations Properties¶
The Relations tab is used to define 1:n relations. The relations are defined in the project properties dialog. Once relations exist for a layer, a new user interface element in the form view (e.g. when identifying a feature and opening its form) will list the related entities. This provides a powerful way to express e.g. the inspection history on a length of pipeline or road segment. You can find out more about 1:n relations support in Section Creating one or many to many relations.
9.3.8. Variables Properties¶
The Variables tab lists all the variables available at the project’s level (which includes all global variables). Besides, it also allows the user to manage project-level variables. Click the button to add a new custom project-level variable. Likewise, select a custom project-level variable from the list and click the button to remove it. More information on variables usage in the General Tools Armazenar valores em Variáveis section.
9.3.9. Macros Properties¶
The Macros tab is used to edit Python macros for projects. Currently,
only three macros are available: openProject()
, saveProject()
and
closeProject()
.
9.3.10. QGIS Server Properties¶
The tab QGIS Server allows you to configure your project in order to publish it online. Here you can define information about the QGIS Server WMS and WFS capabilities, extent and CRS restrictions. More information available in section Configure your project and subsequent.
9.3.11. Temporal Properties¶
The tab Temporal is used to set the temporal range of your project, either by using manual input or by calculating it from the current project temporal layers.
9.4. Personalização¶
The customization dialog lets you (de)activate almost every element in the QGIS user interface. This can be very useful if you want to provide your end-users with a “light” version of QGIS, containing only the icons, menus or panels they need.
Nota
Before your changes are applied, you need to restart QGIS.
Ticking the Enable customization checkbox is the first step on the way to QGIS customization. This enables the toolbar and the widget panel from which you can uncheck and thus disable some GUI items.
The configurable item can be:
a Menu or some of its sub-menus from the Barra de Menus
a whole Panel (see Painéis e Barras de Ferramentas)
the Status bar described in Barra de Estado or some of its items
a Toolbar: the whole bar or some of its icons
or any widget from any dialog in QGIS: label, button, combobox…
With Switch to catching widgets in main application, you can click on an item in QGIS interface that you want to be hidden and QGIS automatically unchecks the corresponding entry in the Customization dialog. You can also use the Search box to find items by their name or label.
Once you setup your configuration, click Apply or OK to validate your changes. This configuration becomes the one used by default by QGIS at the next startup.
The modifications can also be saved in a .ini
file using
Save To File button. This is a handy way to share a common QGIS
interface among multiple users. Just click on Load from File
from the destination computer in order to import the .ini
file.
You can also run command line tools and save various
setups for different use cases as well.
Dica
Easily restore predefined QGIS
The initial QGIS GUI configuration can be restored by one of the methods below:
unchecking Enable customization option in the Customization dialog or click the Check All button
pressing the Reset button in the Settings frame under menu, System tab
launching QGIS at a command prompt with the following command line
qgis --nocustomization
setting to
false
the value of variable under menu, Advanced tab (see the warning).
In most cases, you need to restart QGIS in order to have the change applied.
9.5. Keyboard shortcuts¶
QGIS provides default keyboard shortcuts for many features. You can find them in section Barra de Menus. Additionally, the menu option allows you to change the default keyboard shortcuts and add new ones to QGIS features.
Configuration is very simple. Use the search box at the top of the dialog to find a particular action, select it from the list and click on :
Change and press the new combination you want to assign as new shortcut
Set None to clear any assigned shortcut
or Set Default to backup the shortcut to its original and default value.
Proceed as above for any other tools you wish to customize. Once you have
finished your configuration, simply Close the dialog to have your changes
applied. You can also Save the changes as an .XML
file
and Load them into another QGIS installation.
9.6. Running QGIS with advanced settings¶
9.6.1. Command line and environment variables¶
We’ve seen that launching QGIS is done as for any
application on your OS.
QGIS provides command line options for more advanced use cases (in some cases
you can use an environment variable instead of the command line option).
To get a list of the options, enter qgis --help
on the command line, which
returns:
QGIS is a user friendly Open Source Geographic Information System.
Usage: /usr/bin/qgis.bin [OPTION] [FILE]
OPTION:
[--version] display version information and exit
[--snapshot filename] emit snapshot of loaded datasets to given file
[--width width] width of snapshot to emit
[--height height] height of snapshot to emit
[--lang language] use language for interface text (changes existing override)
[--project projectfile] load the given QGIS project
[--extent xmin,ymin,xmax,ymax] set initial map extent
[--nologo] hide splash screen
[--noversioncheck] don't check for new version of QGIS at startup
[--noplugins] don't restore plugins on startup
[--nocustomization] don't apply GUI customization
[--customizationfile path] use the given ini file as GUI customization
[--globalsettingsfile path] use the given ini file as Global Settings (defaults)
[--authdbdirectory path] use the given directory for authentication database
[--code path] run the given python file on load
[--defaultui] start by resetting user ui settings to default
[--hide-browser] hide the browser widget
[--dxf-export filename.dxf] emit dxf output of loaded datasets to given file
[--dxf-extent xmin,ymin,xmax,ymax] set extent to export to dxf
[--dxf-symbology-mode none|symbollayer|feature] symbology mode for dxf output
[--dxf-scale-denom scale] scale for dxf output
[--dxf-encoding encoding] encoding to use for dxf output
[--dxf-map-theme maptheme] map theme to use for dxf output
[--take-screenshots output_path] take screen shots for the user documentation
[--screenshots-categories categories] specify the categories of screenshot to be used (see QgsAppScreenShots::Categories).
[--profile name] load a named profile from the user's profiles folder.
[--profiles-path path] path to store user profile folders. Will create profiles inside a {path}\profiles folder
[--version-migration] force the settings migration from older version if found
[--openclprogramfolder] path to the folder containing the sources for OpenCL programs.
[--help] this text
[--] treat all following arguments as FILEs
FILE:
Files specified on the command line can include rasters,
vectors, and QGIS project files (.qgs and .qgz):
1. Rasters - supported formats include GeoTiff, DEM
and others supported by GDAL
2. Vectors - supported formats include ESRI Shapefiles
and others supported by OGR and PostgreSQL layers using
the PostGIS extension
Dica
Example Using command line arguments
You can start QGIS by specifying one or more data files on the command
line. For example, assuming you are in the qgis_sample_data
directory, you could start QGIS with a vector layer and a raster file
set to load on startup using the following command:
qgis ./raster/landcover.img ./gml/lakes.gml
9.6.1.1. --version
¶
This option returns QGIS version information.
9.6.1.2. --snapshot
¶
This option allows you to create a snapshot in PNG format from the current view. This comes in handy when you have many projects and want to generate snapshots from your data, or when you need to create snapshots of the same project with updated data.
Currently, it generates a PNG file with 800x600 pixels. The size can be adjusted
using the --width
and --height
arguments. The filename can
be added after --snapshot
. For example:
qgis --snapshot my_image.png --width 1000 --height 600 --project my_project.qgs
9.6.1.3. --width
¶
This option returns the width of the snapshot to be emitted (used with --snapshot
).
9.6.1.4. --height
¶
This option returns the height of the snapshot to be emitted (used with --snapshot
).
9.6.1.5. --lang
¶
Based on your locale, QGIS selects the correct localization. If you would like
to change your language, you can specify a language code. For example,
qgis --lang it
starts QGIS in Italian localization.
9.6.1.6. --project
¶
Starting QGIS with an existing project file is also possible. Just add the
command line option --project
followed by your project name and QGIS will
open with all layers in the given file loaded.
9.6.1.7. --extent
¶
To start with a specific map extent use this option. You need to add the bounding box of your extent in the following order separated by a comma:
--extent xmin,ymin,xmax,ymax
This option probably makes more sense when paired with the --project
option
to open a specific project at the desired extent.
9.6.1.8. --nologo
¶
This option hides the splash screen when you start QGIS.
9.6.1.9. --noversioncheck
¶
Skip searching for a new version of QGIS at startup.
9.6.1.10. --noplugins
¶
If you have trouble at start-up with plugins, you can avoid loading them at start-up with this option. They will still be available from the Plugins Manager afterwards.
9.6.1.11. --nocustomization
¶
Using this option, any existing GUI customization will not be applied at startup. This means that any hidden buttons, menu items, toolbars, and so on, will show up on QGIS start up. This is not a permanent change. The customization will be applied again if QGIS is launched without this option.
This option is useful for temporarily allowing access to tools that have been removed by customization.
9.6.1.12. --customizationfile
¶
Using this option, you can define a UI customization file, that will be used at startup.
9.6.1.13. --globalsettingsfile
¶
Using this option, you can specify the path for a Global Settings
file (.ini
), also known as the Default Settings. The settings in the specified
file replace the original inline default ones, but the user profiles”
settings will be set on top of those. The default global settings is located in
your_QGIS_PKG_path/resources/qgis_global_settings.ini
.
Presently, there’s no way to specify a file to write settings to; therefore, you can create a copy of an original settings file, rename, and adapt it.
Setting the qgis_global_setting.ini
file path to a network shared
folder, allows a system administrator to change global settings and defaults in
several machines by only editing one file.
The equivalent environment variable is QGIS_GLOBAL_SETTINGS_FILE
.
9.6.1.14. --authdbdirectory
¶
This option is similar to --globalsettingsfile
, but defines the path to the
directory where the authentication database will be stored and loaded.
9.6.1.15. --code
¶
This option can be used to run a given python file directly after QGIS has started.
For example, when you have a python file named load_alaska.py
with
following content:
from qgis.utils import iface
raster_file = "/home/gisadmin/Documents/qgis_sample_data/raster/landcover.img"
layer_name = "Alaska"
iface.addRasterLayer(raster_file, layer_name)
Assuming you are in the directory where the file load_alaska.py
is
located, you can start QGIS, load the raster file landcover.img
and give
the layer the name “Alaska” using the following command:
qgis --code load_alaska.py
9.6.1.16. --defaultui
¶
On load, permanently resets the user interface (UI) to the default settings. This option will restore the panels and toolbars visibility, position, and size. Unless it’s changed again, the default UI settings will be used in the following sessions.
Notice that this option doesn’t have any effect on GUI
customization. Items hidden by GUI customization (e.g. the
status bar) will remain hidden even using the --defaultui
option. See also
the --nocustomization
option.
9.6.1.17. --hide-browser
¶
On load, hides the Browser panel from the user interface. The panel can be enabled by right-clicking a space in the toolbars or using the ( in Linux KDE).
Unless it’s enabled again, the Browser panel will remain hidden in the following sessions.
9.6.1.18. --dxf-*
¶
These options can be used to export a QGIS project into a DXF file. Several options are available:
–dxf-export: the DXF filename into which to export the layers;
–dxf-extent: the extent of the final DXF file;
–dxf-symbology-mode: several values can be used here:
none
(no symbology),symbollayer
(Symbol layer symbology),feature
(feature symbology);–dxf-scale-denom: the scale denominator of the symbology;
–dxf-encoding: the file encoding;
–dxf-map-theme: choose a map theme from the layer tree configuration.
9.6.1.19. --take-screenshots
¶
Takes screenshots for the user documentation. Can be used together with
--screenshots-categories
to filter which categories/sections of the
documentation screenshots should be created (see QgsAppScreenShots::Categories).
9.6.1.20. --profile
¶
Loads QGIS using a specific profile from the user’s profile folder. Unless changed, the selected profile will be used in the following QGIS sessions.
9.6.1.21. --profiles-path
¶
With this option, you can choose a path to load and save the profiles (user
settings). It creates profiles inside a {path}\profiles
folder, which
includes settings, installed plugins, processing models and scripts, and so on.
This option allows you to, for instance, carry all your plugins and settings in a flash drive, or, for example, share the settings between different computers using a file sharing service.
The equivalent environment variable is QGIS_CUSTOM_CONFIG_PATH
.
9.6.1.22. --version-migration
¶
If settings from an older version are found (e.g., the .qgis2
folder from QGIS
2.18), this option will import them into the default QGIS profile.
9.6.1.23. --openclprogramfolder
¶
Using this option, you can specify an alternative path for your OpenCL programs. This is useful for developers while testing new versions of the programs without needing to replace the existing ones.
The equivalent environment variable is QGIS_OPENCL_PROGRAM_FOLDER
.
9.6.2. Deploying QGIS within an organization¶
If you need to deploy QGIS within an organization with a custom configuration file,
first you need to copy/paste the content of the default settings file located in
your_QGIS_PKG_path/resources/qgis_global_settings.ini
. This file already
contains some default sections identified by a block starting with []
.
We recommend that you keep these defaults values and add your own sections at the bottom
of the file. If a section is duplicated in the file, QGIS will take the last
one from top to bottom.
You can change allowVersionCheck=false
to disable
the QGIS version check.
If you do not want to display the migration window after a fresh install, you need the following section:
[migration]
fileVersion=2
settings=true
If you want to add a custom variable in the global scope:
[variables]
organisation="Your organization"
To discover the possibilities of the settings INI
file, we suggest that you set
the config you would like in QGIS Desktop and then search for it in your INI
file located in your profile using a text editor. A lot of settings can be set
using the INI
file such as WMS/WMTS, PostGIS connections, proxy settings, maptips…
Finally, you need to set the environment variable QGIS_GLOBAL_SETTINGS_FILE
to the path of your customized file.
In addition, you can also deploy files such as Python macros, color palettes, layout templates, project templates… either in the QGIS system directory or in the QGIS user profile.
Layout templates must be deployed in the
composer_templates
directory.Project templates must be deployed in the
project_templates
directory.Custom Python macros must be deployed in the
python
directory.