Diálogo de propriedades do Raster¶

Informação da camada¶

O menu Geral apresenta informação básica do raster selecionado, incluindo o caminho da camada origem, o nome que aparece na legenda (que pode ser modificado), e o número de colunas, linhas e valores nulos do raster.

Sistema de Referência de Coordenadas¶

Aqui encontra-se a informação do Sistema de Referencia de Coordenadas (SRC), impressa na linha PROJ.4. Se esta definição no é a correta, pode-se modificar, clicando no botão [Especifique]

Visibilidade dependente da escala¶

Também nesta aba pode acertar a visibilidade dependente da escala. Será necessária clicar a caixa de checagem e colocar uma escala apropriada, na qual seus dados serão visualizados na tela do mapa.

Na parte inferior, pode-se ver uma miniatura da camada, a simbologia da legenda e o mapa de cores.

Representar a banda¶

QGIS offers four different Render types. The renderer chosen is dependent on the data type.

1. Color multibanda - se o arquivo vem como multibanda, com várias bandas (por exemplo, usado para imagens de satélite com várias bandas)

2. Mapa de Cores - se um arquivo de banda única vem com um mapa de cores indexado (por exemplo, usado para mapas topográficos digitais)

3. Singleband gray - (one band of) the image will be rendered as gray; QGIS will choose this renderer if the file has neither multibands nor an indexed palette nor a continous palette (e.g., used with a shaded relief map)

4. Banda única Falsa Cor - este método de representação é usado em arquivos com mapa de cores contínuos ou com mapa de cores (por exemplo, para mapa de elevações)

Multibanda Colorida

Para representar em color multibanda, selecione três bandas da imagem que vai representar, cada banda representa respectivamente, a componente vermelha, verde e azul, que serão usadas para criar a cor da imagem. Podem-se escolher vários métodos para Melhora do contraste : ‘Sem melhora’, ‘Estique para MinMax’, ‘Estique e corte no MinMax’ e ‘Corte no min max’.

Figure Raster 2:

Raster Renderer - Multiband color

This selection offers you a wide range of options to modify the appearance of your raster layer. First of all, you have to get the data range from your image. This can be done by choosing the Extent and pressing [Load]. QGIS can Estimate (faster) the Min and Max values of the bands or use the Actual (slower) Accuracy.

Now you can scale the colors with the help of the Load min/max values section. A lot of images have a few very low and high data. These outliers can be eliminated using the Cumulative count cut setting. The standard data range is set from 2% to 98% of the data values and can be adapted manually. With this setting, the gray character of the image can disappear. With the scaling option Min/max, QGIS creates a color table with all of the data included in the original image (e.g., QGIS creates a color table with 256 values, given the fact that you have 8 bit bands). You can also calculate your color table using the Mean +/- standard deviation x . Then, only the values within the standard deviation or within multiple standard deviations are considered for the color table. This is useful when you have one or two cells with abnormally high values in a raster grid that are having a negative impact on the rendering of the raster.

All calculations can also be made for the Current extent.

Mapa de Cores

This is the standard render option for singleband files that already include a color table, where each pixel value is assigned to a certain color. In that case, the palette is rendered automatically. If you want to change colors assigned to certain values, just double-click on the color and the Select color dialog appears. Also, in QGIS 2.2. it’s now possible to assign a label to the color values. The label appears in the legend of the raster layer then.

Figure Raster 3:

Raster Renderer - Paletted

Melhora do contraste

Banda única cinza

This renderer allows you to render a single band layer with a Color gradient: ‘Black to white’ or ‘White to black’. You can define a Min and a Max value by choosing the Extent first and then pressing [Load]. QGIS can Estimate (faster) the Min and Max values of the bands or use the Actual (slower) Accuracy.

Figure Raster 4:

Raster Renderer - Singleband gray

With the Load min/max values section, scaling of the color table is possible. Outliers can be eliminated using the Cumulative count cut setting. The standard data range is set from 2% to 98% of the data values and can be adapted manually. With this setting, the gray character of the image can disappear. Further settings can be made with Min/max and Mean +/- standard deviation x . While the first one creates a color table with all of the data included in the original image, the second creates a color table that only considers values within the standard deviation or within multiple standard deviations. This is useful when you have one or two cells with abnormally high values in a raster grid that are having a negative impact on the rendering of the raster.

Singleband pseudocolor

This is a render option for single-band files, including a continous palette. You can also create individual color maps for the single bands here.

Figure Raster 5:

Raster Renderer - Singleband pseudocolor

Existem três tipos de interpolação de cores:

1. Método Discreto

2. Método Linear

3. Método Exato

In the left block, the button ^{Add values manually} adds a value to the individual color table. The button ^{Remove selected row} deletes a value from the individual color table, and the ^{Sort colormap items} button sorts the color table according to the pixel values in the value column. Double clicking on the value column lets you insert a specific value. Double clicking on the color column opens the dialog Change color, where you can select a color to apply on that value. Further, you can also add labels for each color, but this value won’t be displayed when you use the identify feature tool. You can also click on the button ^{Load color map from band}, which tries to load the table from the band (if it has any). And you can use the buttons ^{Load color map from file} or ^{Export color map to file} to load an existing color table or to save the defined color table for other sessions.

In the right block, Generate new color map allows you to create newly categorized color maps. For the Classification mode ‘Equal interval’, you only need to select the number of classes and press the button Classify. You can invert the colors of the color map by clicking the Invert checkbox. In the case of the Mode ‘Continous’, QGIS creates classes automatically depending on the Min and Max. Defining Min/Max values can be done with the help of the Load min/max values section. A lot of images have a few very low and high data. These outliers can be eliminated using the Cumulative count cut setting. The standard data range is set from 2% to 98% of the data values and can be adapted manually. With this setting, the gray character of the image can disappear. With the scaling option Min/max, QGIS creates a color table with all of the data included in the original image (e.g., QGIS creates a color table with 256 values, given the fact that you have 8 bit bands). You can also calculate your color table using the Mean +/- standard deviation x . Then, only the values within the standard deviation or within multiple standard deviations are considered for the color table.

Representação das cores¶

Em cada Representação da banda, é possível encontrar uma Representação da cor

Podem-se fazer efeitos especias de representação para seus arquivo(s) raster, usando um dos modos de combinação (veja Janela de Propriedades de Vetor).

Further settings can be made in modifiying the Brightness, the Saturation and the Contrast. You can also use a Grayscale option, where you can choose between ‘By lightness’, ‘By luminosity’ and ‘By average’. For one hue in the color table, you can modify the ‘Strength’.

Reamostragem¶

A opção Reamostragem, faz a representação da imagem quando se dá mais ou menos zoom nela. Os modos de reamostragem podem melhorar a apariência do mapa. Eles calculam um novo valor de cinza através de uma transformação geométrica.

Figure Raster 6:

Raster Rendering - Resampling

Quando aplicamos o método ‘Vizinho mais próximo’, o mapa pode ter uma estrutura tipo pixelada, quando damos mais zoom. Essa apariència pode ser melhorada usando os métodos ‘Bilinear’ ou ‘Cúbico’., o qual causa que as feições mais afiadas, se suavizem.