The code snippets on this page need the following imports if you're outside the pyqgis console:

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from qgis.core import (
  QgsApplication,
  QgsRasterLayer,
  QgsAuthMethodConfig,
  QgsDataSourceUri,
  QgsPkiBundle,
  QgsMessageLog,
)

from qgis.gui import (
    QgsAuthAuthoritiesEditor,
    QgsAuthConfigEditor,
    QgsAuthConfigSelect,
    QgsAuthSettingsWidget,
)

from qgis.PyQt.QtWidgets import (
    QWidget,
    QTabWidget,
)

from qgis.PyQt.QtNetwork import QSslCertificate

14. 認証インフラストラクチャ

14.1. 前書き

認証基盤のユーザーリファレンスはユーザーマニュアル中で 認証システムの概要 段落を参照して下さい。

この章では、開発者の観点から、認証システムを使用するベストプラクティスについて説明します。

The authentication system is widely used in QGIS Desktop by data providers whenever credentials are required to access a particular resource, for example when a layer establishes a connection to a Postgres database.

There are also a few widgets in the QGIS gui library that plugin developers can use to easily integrate the authentication infrastructure into their code:

A good code reference can be read from the authentication infrastructure tests code.

警告

Due to the security constraints that were taken into account during the authentication infrastructure design, only a selected subset of the internal methods are exposed to Python.

14.2. 用語集

これはこの章で扱われる最も一般的なオブジェクトのいくつかの定義です。

マスターパスワード

アクセスを許可し、QGIS認証DBに保存された資格情報を復号化するパスワードです

認証データベース

A Master Password crypted sqlite db qgis-auth.db where Authentication Configuration are stored. e.g user/password, personal certificates and keys, Certificate Authorities

認証DB

認証データベース

認証の設定

認証データの構成は 認証メソッド によって異なります。例えばベーシック認証の場合は、ユーザー/パスワードの対が格納されます。

Authentication Config

認証設定

認証方法

認証されるためには特別な方法が利用されています。各方法は、認証されるためにそれぞれ独自のプロトコルを利用しています。それぞれの方法は共有ライブラリとしてQGIS認証基盤の初期化中に動的にロードされるように実装されています。

14.3. エントリポイントQgsAuthManager

The QgsAuthManager singleton is the entry point to use the credentials stored in the QGIS encrypted Authentication DB, i.e. the qgis-auth.db file under the active user profile folder.

This class takes care of the user interaction: by asking to set a master password or by transparently using it to access encrypted stored information.

14.3.1. マネージャを初期化し、マスターパスワードを設定する

次のコード例は、認証設定へのアクセスを開くために、マスターパスワードを設定する例を示します。コードのコメントは、このコード例を理解するために重要です。

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authMgr = QgsApplication.authManager()

# check if QgsAuthManager has already been initialized... a side effect
# of the QgsAuthManager.init() is that AuthDbPath is set.
# QgsAuthManager.init() is executed during QGIS application init and hence
# you do not normally need to call it directly.
if authMgr.authenticationDatabasePath():
    # already initialized => we are inside a QGIS app.
    if authMgr.masterPasswordIsSet():
        msg = 'Authentication master password not recognized'
        assert authMgr.masterPasswordSame("your master password"), msg
    else:
        msg = 'Master password could not be set'
        # The verify parameter checks if the hash of the password was
        # already saved in the authentication db
        assert authMgr.setMasterPassword("your master password",
                                          verify=True), msg
else:
    # outside qgis, e.g. in a testing environment => setup env var before
    # db init
    os.environ['QGIS_AUTH_DB_DIR_PATH'] = "/path/where/located/qgis-auth.db"
    msg = 'Master password could not be set'
    assert authMgr.setMasterPassword("your master password", True), msg
    authMgr.init("/path/where/located/qgis-auth.db")

14.3.2. 認証データベースに新しい認証構成項目を設定する

Any stored credential is a Authentication Configuration instance of the QgsAuthMethodConfig class accessed using a unique string like the following one:

authcfg = 'fm1s770'

that string is generated automatically when creating an entry using the QGIS API or GUI, but it might be useful to manually set it to a known value in case the configuration must be shared (with different credentials) between multiple users within an organization.

QgsAuthMethodConfig is the base class for any Authentication Method. Any Authentication Method sets a configuration hash map where authentication information will be stored. Hereafter a useful snippet to store PKI-path credentials for a hypothetical alice user:

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authMgr = QgsApplication.authManager()
# set alice PKI data
config = QgsAuthMethodConfig()
config.setName("alice")
config.setMethod("PKI-Paths")
config.setUri("https://example.com")
config.setConfig("certpath", "path/to/alice-cert.pem" )
config.setConfig("keypath", "path/to/alice-key.pem" )
# check if method parameters are correctly set
assert config.isValid()

# register alice data in authdb returning the ``authcfg`` of the stored
# configuration
authMgr.storeAuthenticationConfig(config)
newAuthCfgId = config.id()
assert newAuthCfgId

14.3.2.1. 利用可能な認証方法

Authentication Method libraries are loaded dynamically during authentication manager init. Available authentication methods are:

  1. Basic ユーザーとパスワード認証

  2. Esri-Token ESRI token based authentication

  3. Identity-Cert アイデンティティ証明書認証

  4. OAuth2 OAuth2 authentication

  5. PKI-Paths PKIパス認証

  6. PKI-PKCS＃12 PKI PKCS＃12認証

14.3.2.2. 認証局の導入

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authMgr = QgsApplication.authManager()
# add authorities
cacerts = QSslCertificate.fromPath( "/path/to/ca_chains.pem" )
assert cacerts is not None
# store CA
authMgr.storeCertAuthorities(cacerts)
# and rebuild CA caches
authMgr.rebuildCaCertsCache()
authMgr.rebuildTrustedCaCertsCache()

14.3.2.3. QgsPkiBundleでPKIバンドルを管理する

A convenience class to pack PKI bundles composed on SslCert, SslKey and CA chain is the QgsPkiBundle class. Hereafter a snippet to get password protected:

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# add alice cert in case of key with pwd
caBundlesList = []  # List of CA bundles
bundle = QgsPkiBundle.fromPemPaths( "/path/to/alice-cert.pem",
                                     "/path/to/alice-key_w-pass.pem",
                                     "unlock_pwd",
                                     caBundlesList )
assert bundle is not None
# You can check bundle validity by calling:
# bundle.isValid()

Refer to QgsPkiBundle class documentation to extract cert/key/CAs from the bundle.

14.3.3. Remove an entry from authdb

以下が 認証データベース からエントリをその authcfg 識別子を使用して削除するコード例です：

authMgr = QgsApplication.authManager()
authMgr.removeAuthenticationConfig( "authCfg_Id_to_remove" )

14.3.4. QgsAuthManagerにauthcfg展開を残す

The best way to use an Authentication Config stored in the Authentication DB is referring it with the unique identifier authcfg. Expanding, means convert it from an identifier to a complete set of credentials. The best practice to use stored Authentication Configs, is to leave it managed automatically by the Authentication manager. The common use of a stored configuration is to connect to an authentication enabled service like a WMS or WFS or to a DB connection.

注釈

Take into account that not all QGIS data providers are integrated with the Authentication infrastructure. Each authentication method, derived from the base class QgsAuthMethod and support a different set of Providers. For example the certIdentity() method supports the following list of providers:

authM = QgsApplication.authManager()
print(authM.authMethod("Identity-Cert").supportedDataProviders())

Sample output:

['ows', 'wfs', 'wcs', 'wms', 'postgres']

例えば、 authcfg = 'fm1s770' で識別保存された資格情報を使用してWMSサービスにアクセスするためには、次のコードのように、データ・ソースのURLに authcfg を使用する必要があります。

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authCfg = 'fm1s770'
quri = QgsDataSourceUri()
quri.setParam("layers", 'usa:states')
quri.setParam("styles", '')
quri.setParam("format", 'image/png')
quri.setParam("crs", 'EPSG:4326')
quri.setParam("dpiMode", '7')
quri.setParam("featureCount", '10')
quri.setParam("authcfg", authCfg)   # <---- here my authCfg url parameter
quri.setParam("contextualWMSLegend", '0')
quri.setParam("url", 'https://my_auth_enabled_server_ip/wms')
rlayer = QgsRasterLayer(str(quri.encodedUri(), "utf-8"), 'states', 'wms')

上の場合には、 wms プロバイダーは、単にHTTP接続を設定する前に、資格を authcfg URIパラメーターを拡張するために世話をします。

警告

The developer would have to leave authcfg expansion to the QgsAuthManager, in this way he will be sure that expansion is not done too early.

Usually an URI string, built using the QgsDataSourceURI class, is used to set a data source in the following way:

authCfg = 'fm1s770'
quri = QgsDataSourceUri("my WMS uri here")
quri.setParam("authcfg", authCfg)
rlayer = QgsRasterLayer( quri.uri(False), 'states', 'wms')

注釈

False パラメーターは、URIで authcfg IDの存在のURI完全な展開を避けるために重要です。

14.3.4.1. 他のデータプロバイダーとPKIの例

Other example can be read directly in the QGIS tests upstream as in test_authmanager_pki_ows or test_authmanager_pki_postgres.

14.4. 認証インフラストラクチャを使用するようにプラグインを適応させる

Many third party plugins are using httplib2 or other Python networking libraries to manage HTTP connections instead of integrating with QgsNetworkAccessManager and its related Authentication Infrastructure integration.

To facilitate this integration a helper Python function has been created called NetworkAccessManager. Its code can be found here.

このヘルパークラスは、次のコードのように使用できます：

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http = NetworkAccessManager(authid="my_authCfg", exception_class=My_FailedRequestError)
try:
  response, content = http.request( "my_rest_url" )
except My_FailedRequestError, e:
  # Handle exception
  pass

14.5. 認証のGUI

この段落では、カスタムインターフェイスで認証インフラストラクチャを統合するために役立つ利用可能なGUIが記載されています。

14.5.1. 資格情報を選択するためのGUI

If it's necessary to select a Authentication Configuration from the set stored in the Authentication DB it is available in the GUI class QgsAuthConfigSelect.

../../_images/QgsAuthConfigSelect.png

そして次のコードのように使用できます：

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# create the instance of the QgsAuthConfigSelect GUI hierarchically linked to
# the widget referred with `parent`
parent = QWidget()  # Your GUI parent widget
gui = QgsAuthConfigSelect( parent, "postgres" )
# add the above created gui in a new tab of the interface where the
# GUI has to be integrated
tabGui = QTabWidget()
tabGui.insertTab( 1, gui, "Configurations" )

The above example is taken from the QGIS source code. The second parameter of the GUI constructor refers to data provider type. The parameter is used to restrict the compatible Authentication Methods with the specified provider.

14.5.2. 認証エディタのGUI

The complete GUI used to manage credentials, authorities and to access to Authentication utilities is managed by the QgsAuthEditorWidgets class.

../../_images/QgsAuthEditorWidgets.png

そして次のコードのように使用できます：

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# create the instance of the QgsAuthEditorWidgets GUI hierarchically linked to
# the widget referred with `parent`
parent = QWidget()  # Your GUI parent widget
gui = QgsAuthConfigSelect( parent )
gui.show()

An integrated example can be found in the related test.

14.5.3. 認証局エディタのGUI

A GUI used to manage only authorities is managed by the QgsAuthAuthoritiesEditor class.

../../_images/QgsAuthAuthoritiesEditor.png

そして次のコードのように使用できます：

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# create the instance of the QgsAuthAuthoritiesEditor GUI hierarchically
#  linked to the widget referred with `parent`
parent = QWidget()  # Your GUI parent widget
gui = QgsAuthAuthoritiesEditor( parent )
gui.show()