Konfiguration externer Anwendungen¶

SAGA¶

SAGA algorithms can be run from QGIS if you have SAGA installed in your system and you configure the processing framework properly so it can find SAGA executables. In particular, the SAGA command-line executable is needed to run SAGA algorithms.

In case of running Windows, the standalone installer or the OSGeo4W installer, both install SAGA along with QGIS, and the path is automatically configured, so there is no need to do anything else.

If you have installed SAGA yourself (remember, you need version 2.1), the path to the SAGA executable must be configured. To do it, open the configuration dialog. In the SAGA block you will find a setting named SAGA Folder. Enter the path to the folder where SAGA is installed. Close the configuration dialog and now you are ready to run SAGA algorithms from QGIS.

In case you are running linux, SAGA binaries are not included with SEXTANTE, so you have to download and install the software yourself. Please check the SAGA website for more information. SAGA 2.1 is needed.

In this case there is no need to configure that, and you will not see those folders. Instead, you must make sure that SAGA is properly installed and its folder is added to the PATH environment variable. Just open a console and type saga_cmd to check that the system can find where SAGA binaries are located.

R. Creating R scripts¶

R integration in QGIS is different from that of SAGA in that there is not a predefined set of algorithms you can run (except for a few examples). Instead, you should write your scripts and call R commands, much like you would do from R, and in a very similar manner to what we saw in the chapter dedicated to processing scripts. This chapter shows you the syntax to use to call those R commands from QGIS and how to use QGIS objects (layers, tables) in them.

The first thing you have to do, as we saw in the case of SAGA, is to tell QGIS where you R binaries are located. You can do so using the R folder entry in the processing configuration dialog. Once you have set that parameter, you can start creating your own R scripts and executing them.

Dies ist wieder anders in Linux. Dort müssen Sie nur sicherstellen, dass der R-Ordner in der Umgebungsvariablen PATH enthalten ist. Wenn Sie nur die Eingabe R in eine Konsole eingeben können, kann es losgehen.

To add a new algorithm that calls an R function (or a more complex R script that you have developed and you would like to have available from QGIS), you have to create a script file that tells the processing framework how to perform that operation and the corresponding R commands to do so.

Script files have the extension .rsx and creating them is pretty easy if you just have a basic knowledge of R syntax and R scripting. They should be stored in the R-scripts folder. You can set this folder in the R settings group (available from the processing settings dialog), just like you do with the folder for regular processing scripts.

Let’s have a look at a very simple file script file, which calls the R method spsample to create a random grid within the boundary of the polygons in a given polygon layer. This method belong to the maptools package. Since almost all the algorithms that you might like to incorporate into QGIS will use or generate spatial data, knowledge of spatial packages like maptools and, specially, sp, is mandatory.

##polyg=vector
##numpoints=number 10
##output=output vector
##sp=group
pts=spsample(polyg,numpoints,type="random")
output=SpatialPointsDataFrame(pts, as.data.frame(pts))

The first lines, which start with a double Python comment sign (##), tell QGIS the inputs of the algorithm described in the file and the outputs that it will generate. They work exactly with the same syntax as the SEXTANTE scripts that we have already seen, so they will not be described here again. Check the processing_scripts section for more information.

When you declare an input parameter, QGIS uses that information for two things: creating the user interface to ask the user for the value of that parameter and creating a corresponding R variable that can be later used as input for R commands.

In the above example, we are declaring an input of type vector named polyg. When executing the algorithm, QGIS will open in R the layer selected by the user and store it in a variable also named polyg. So the name of a parameter is also the name of the variable that we can use in R for accesing the value of that parameter (thus, you should avoid using reserved R words as parameter names).

Spatial elements such as vector and raster layers are read using the readOGR() and brick() commands (you do not have to worry about adding those commands to your description file, QGIS will do it) and stored as Spatial*DataFrame objects. Table fields are stored as strings containing the name of the selected field.

Tabellen werden geöffnet, indem die den read.csv()-Befehl verwenden Wenn Sie eine Tabelle angegeben, die nicht im CSV-Format ist, wird sie vor dem Import in R. umgewandelt.

Additionally, raster files can be read using the readGDAL() command instead of brick(), by using the ##usereadgdal.

If you are an advanced user and do not want QGIS to create the object representing the layer, you can use the ##passfilename tag to indicate that you prefer a string with the filename instead. In this case, it is up to you to open the file before performing any operation on the data it contains.

With the above information, we can now understand the first line of our first example script (the first line not starting with a Python comment).

pts=spsample(polyg,numpoints,type="random")

Die Variable Polygon enthält bereits ein SpatialPolygonsDataFrame Objekt, damit kann es verwendet werden, um das spsample Verfahren aufzurufen, ebenso wie die NumPoints, die die Anzahl der Punkte zeigt, die zum Gitter hinzugefügt werden sollen.

Da wir eine Ausgabe vom Typ Vektor definiert haben mit dem Namen``out``, müssen wir nun eine Variable namens out erstellen und Spatial*DATAframe Objekt dafür erstellen (in diesem Fall ein SpatialPointsDataFrame). Sie können einen beliebigen Namen für Ihre Zwischenvariablen verwenden. Stellen Sie nur sicher, dass die Variable Ihres Endergebnisses den gleichen Namen hat, den Sie zuvor definiert haben und das sie einen geeigneten Wert enthält.

In this case, the result obtained from the spsample method has to be converted explicitly into a SpatialPointsDataFrame object, since it is itself an object of class ppp, which is not a suitable class to be returned to QGIS.

If your algorithm generates raster layers, the way they are saved will depend on whether you have used or not the #dontuserasterpackage option. In you have used it, layers are saved using the writeGDAL() method. If not, the writeRaster() method from the raster package will be used.

If you have used the #passfilename option, outputs are generated using the raster package (with writeRaster()), even though it is not used for the inputs.

If you algorithm does not generate any layer, but a text result in the console instead, you have to indicate that you want the console to be shown once the execution is finished. To do so, just start the command lines that produce the results you want to print with the > (‘greater’) sign. The output of all other lines will not be shown. For instance, here is the description file of an algorithm that performs a normality test on a given field (column) of the attributes of a vector layer:

##layer=vector
##field=field layer
##nortest=group
library(nortest)
>lillie.test(layer[[field]])

The output ot the last line is printed, but the output of the first is not (and neither are the outputs from other command lines added automatically by QGIS).

Wenn Ihr Algorithmus eine Grafiken erstellt (mit der plot()-Methode), fügen Sie die folgende Zeile ein:

##showplots

This will cause QGIS to redirect all R graphical outputs to a temporary file, which will be later opened once R execution has finished.

Both graphics and console results will be shown in the processing results manager.

Für weitere Informationen schauen Sie sich bitte die Skript-Dateien an, die SEXTANTE bereits enthält. Die meisten von ihnen sind ziemlich einfach und werden wesentlich dazu beitragen, wie Sie Ihre eigenen erstellen.

GRASS¶

Die Konfiguration von GRASS ist nicht viel anders als die Konfiguration von SAGA. Zuerst muss der Pfad zu dem Ordner GRASS definiert werden, aber nur, wenn Sie Windows verwenden. Zusätzlich gibt es einen Shell-Interpreter (in der Regel: msys.exe, den Sie in den meisten GRASS für Windows-Distributionen finden) der definiert werden muss, genauso wie der Pfad dorthin.

By default, the processign framework tries to configure its GRASS connector to use the GRASS distribution that ships along with QGIS. This should work without problems in most systems, but if you experience problems, you might have to do it manually. Also, if you want to use a different GRASS installation, you can change that setting and point to the folder where that it is installed. GRASS 6.4 is needed for algorithms to work correctly.

Wenn Sie Linux verwenden, müssen Sie nur noch sicherstellen, dass GRASS richtig installiert ist, und dass es problemlos von einer Konsole ausgeführt werden kann.

GRASS Algorithmen verwenden eine Region für die Berechnungen. Diese Region kann manuell definiert werden unter Verwendung von Werten ähnlich denen, die in der Sage Konfiguration stehen oder automatisch, wobei die minimale Ausdehnung aller Eingangslayer verwendet werden, wenn der Algorithmus ausgeführt wird. Wenn dies das Verhalten ist, das Sie bevorzugen, können Sie es über die Option Verwende min abdecken Region in den GRASS Konfigurationsparametern definieren.

The last parameter that has to be configured is related to the mapset. A mapset is needed to run GRASS, and the processing frmaework creates a temporary one for each execution. You have to specify if the data you are working with uses geographical (lat/lon) coordinates or projected ones.

GDAL¶

No additional configuration is needed to run GDAL algorithms, since it is already incorporated to QGIS and algorithms can infere its configuration from it.

Orfeo ToolBox¶

Orfeo ToolBox (OTB) algorithms can be run from QGIS if you have OTB installed in your system and you have configured QGIS properly, so it can find all necessary files (command-line tools and libraries).

As in the case of SAGA OTB binaries are included in the standalone installer for Windows, but are not included if you are runing Linux, so you have to download and install the software yourself. Please check the OTB website for more information.

Once OTB is installed, start QGIS, open the processing configuration dialog and configure the OTB algorithm provider. In the Orfeo Toolbox (image analysis) block you will find all settings related to OTB. First ensure that algorithms are enabled.

Then configure the path to the folder where OTB command–line tools and libraries are installed:

• In der Regel OTB Programme-Ordner verweist auf /usr/lib/otb/applications und den OTB Kommandozeilen-Tools Ordner unter /usr/bin

• if you use OSGeo4W installer, than install otb-bin package and enter C:\OSGeo4W\apps\orfeotoolbox\applications as OTB applications folder and C:\OSGeo4W\bin as OTB command line tools folder. This values should be configured by default, but if you have a different OTB installation, configure them to the correspondig values in your system.

TauDEM¶

Um diesen Anbieter zu verwenden, müssen Sie die TauDEM Kommandozeilen-Tools installieren.