Основные инструменты¶

Видимость в пределах масштаба¶

Scale-dependent rendering allows you to specify the minimum and maximum scales at which a layer will be visible. To set scale-dependent rendering, open the Properties dialog by double-clicking on the layer in the legend. On the General tab, click on the Scale dependent visibility checkbox to activate the feature, then set the minimum and maximum scale values.

Значения масштабов можно задать по первому масштабированию слоя, который вы хотите использовать, отмечая значение масштаба в строке состояния QGIS.

Управление отрисовкой карты¶

Map rendering can be controlled in the various ways, as described below.

Измерение длин, площадей и углов¶

^{Measure Line}: QGIS is able to measure real distances between given points according to a defined ellipsoid. To configure this, choose menu option Settings ‣ Options, click on the Map tools tab and select the appropriate ellipsoid. There, you can also define a rubberband color and your preferred measurement units (meters or feet) and angle units (degrees, radians and gon). The tool then allows you to click points on the map. Each segment length, as well as the total, shows up in the measure window. To stop measuring, click your right mouse button.

Figure Measure 1:

Измерение расстояний (Gnome)

^{Measure Area}: Areas can also be measured. In the measure window, the accumulated area size appears. In addition, the measuring tool will snap to the currently selected layer, provided that layer has its snapping tolerance set (see section Настройка порога прилипания и радиуса поиска). So, if you want to measure exactly along a line feature, or around a polygon feature, first set its snapping tolerance, then select the layer. Now, when using the measuring tools, each mouse click (within the tolerance setting) will snap to that layer.

Figure Measure 2:

Измерение площадей (Gnome)

^{Measure Angle}: You can also measure angles. The cursor becomes cross-shaped. Click to draw the first segment of the angle you wish to measure, then move the cursor to draw the desired angle. The measure is displayed in a pop-up dialog.

Figure Measure 3:

Измерение углов (Gnome)

Выбор объектов¶

The QGIS toolbar provides several tools to select features in the map canvas. To select one or several features, just click on and select your tool:

• ^{Выделить отдельный объект}

• ^{Выделить объекты прямоугольником}

• ^{Выделить объекты полигоном}

• ^{Выделить объекты произвольной линией}

• ^{Выделить объекты в радиусе}

Снять выделение с объектов можно нажав на кнопку ^{Снять выделение во всех слоях}.

Сетка¶

^Grid allows you to add a coordinate grid and coordinate annotations to the map canvas.

Figure Decorations 1:

Диалог «Сетка»

1. Выберите пункт меню Вид ‣ Оформление ‣ Сетка. Откроется диалог (см. figure_decorations_1).

2. Активируйте флажок Включить сетку и настройте её параметры.

3. Активируйте флажок Аннотация и настройте отображение подписей координат.

4. Click [Apply] to verify that it looks as expected.

5. Нажмите [OK] чтобы закрыть диалог.

Знак авторского права¶

^{Copyright label} adds a copyright label using the text you prefer to the map.

Figure Decorations 2:

The Copyright Dialog

1. Выберите пункт меню Вид ‣ Оформление ‣ Знак авторского права. Откроется диалог (см. figure_decorations_2).

2. Enter the text you want to place on the map. You can use HTML as shown in the example.
3. Choose the placement of the label from the Placement combo box.
4. Make sure the Enable Copyright Label checkbox is checked.
5. Click [OK].

In the example above, which is the default, QGIS places a copyright symbol followed by the date in the lower right-hand corner of the map canvas.

Указатель «север-ю㻶

^{North Arrow} places a simple north arrow on the map canvas. At present, there is only one style available. You can adjust the angle of the arrow or let QGIS set the direction automatically. If you choose to let QGIS determine the direction, it makes its best guess as to how the arrow should be oriented. For placement of the arrow, you have four options, corresponding to the four corners of the map canvas.

Figure Decorations 3:

Диалог «Указатель “север-юг”»

Масштабная линейка¶

^{Scale Bar} adds a simple scale bar to the map canvas. You can control the style and placement, as well as the labeling of the bar.

Figure Decorations 4:

Диалог «масштабная линейка»

QGIS only supports displaying the scale in the same units as your map frame. So if the units of your layers are in meters, you can’t create a scale bar in feet. Likewise, if you are using decimal degrees, you can’t create a scale bar to display distance in meters.

Для добавления масштабной линейки:

1. Select from menu View ‣ Decorations ‣ Scale Bar. The dialog starts (see figure_decorations_4).
2. Choose the placement from the Placement combo box.
3. Choose the style from the Scale bar style combo box.
4. Select the color for the bar Color of bar or use the default black color.
5. Set the size of the bar and its label Size of bar .
6. Make sure the Enable scale bar checkbox is checked.
7. Optionally, check Automatically snap to round number on resize.
8. Click [OK].

HTML-аннотация¶

The ^{Html Annotation} tools in the attribute toolbar provides the possibility to place the content of an html file in a balloon on the QGIS map canvas. Using the Html Annotation tool, click into the map canvas and add the path to the html file into the dialog.

SVG-аннотация¶

The ^{SVG Annotation} tool in the attribute toolbar provides the possibility to place an SVG symbol in a balloon on the QGIS map canvas. Using the SVG Annotation tool, click into the map canvas and add the path to the SVG file into the dialog.

Диалоговая аннотация¶

Additionally, you can also create your own annotation forms. The ^{Form Annotation} tool is useful to display attributes of a vector layer in a customized Qt Designer form (see figure_custom_annotation). This is similar to the designer forms for the Identify features tool, but displayed in an annotation item. Also see this video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0pDBuSbQ02o from Tim Sutton for more information.

Figure annotation 2:

Пользовательская форма аннотации

Создание закладки¶

Для создания закладки:

1. Масштабируйте или панорамируйте карту до интересующей вас территории.

2. Выберите пункт меню Вид ‣ Новая закладка или нажмите Ctrl-B.

3. введите описательное имя для закладки (до 255 символов)

4. Нажмите Enter, чтобы добавить закладку, или [Удалить] для удаления существующей закладки

Помните, что можно иметь множество закладок с одинаковыми названиями.

Работа с закладками¶

To use or manage bookmarks, select the menu option View ‣ Show Bookmarks. The Geospatial Bookmarks dialog allows you to zoom to or delete a bookmark. You cannot edit the bookmark name or coordinates.

Просмотр закладки¶

В диалоговом окне Пространственные закладки, выберите необходимую закладку, нажав на неё, затем нажмите кнопку [Увеличить до]. Также можно просмотреть закладку, дважды нажав на неё.

Удаление закладки¶

To delete a bookmark from the Geospatial Bookmarks dialog, click on it, then click [Delete]. Confirm your choice by clicking [Yes], or cancel the delete by clicking [No].

Встраивание слоёв¶

The following dialog allows you to embed layers from other projects. Here is a small example:

1. Нажмите кнопку , чтобы указать другой проект из набора данных «Аляска».

2. Select the project file grassland. You can see the content of the project (see figure_embed_dialog).
3. Press Ctrl and click on the layers grassland and regions. Press [OK]. The selected layers are embedded in the map legend and the map view now.

Figure Nesting 1:

Выбор слоёв и групп для встраивания

While the embedded layers are editable, you can’t change their properties like style and labeling.

Removing embedded layers¶

Вызовите контекстное меню встроенного слоя и выберите ^{Удалить}.