.. index:: pair: Raster; Raster layers .. _raster: ********************* Using Raster Layers ********************* .. contents:: :local: This sections lists various operations you can do with raster layers. .. index:: Raster layers; Details Layer Details ============= A raster layer consists of one or more raster bands --- it is referred to as either single band or multi band raster. One band represents a matrix of values. Usual color image (e.g. aerial photo) is a raster consisting of red, blue and green band. Single band layers typically represent either continuous variables (e.g. elevation) or discrete variables (e.g. land use). In some cases, a raster layer comes with a palette and raster values refer to colors stored in the palette: .. code-block:: python rlayer.width(), rlayer.height() (812, 301) rlayer.extent() rlayer.extent().toString() u'12.095833,48.552777 : 18.863888,51.056944' rlayer.rasterType() 2 # 0 = GrayOrUndefined (single band), 1 = Palette (single band), 2 = Multiband rlayer.bandCount() 3 rlayer.metadata() u'

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...' rlayer.hasPyramids() False .. index:: Raster layers; Renderer Renderer ======== When a raster layer is loaded, it gets a default renderer based on its type. It can be altered either in raster layer properties or programmatically. To query the current renderer:: >>> rlayer.renderer() >>> rlayer.renderer().type() u'singlebandpseudocolor' To set a renderer use :func:`setRenderer` method of :class:`QgsRasterLayer`. There are several available renderer classes (derived from :class:`QgsRasterRenderer`): * QgsMultiBandColorRenderer * QgsPalettedRasterRenderer * QgsSingleBandColorDataRenderer * QgsSingleBandGrayRenderer * QgsSingleBandPseudoColorRenderer Single band raster layers can be drawn either in gray colors (low values = black, high values = white) or with a pseudocolor algorithm that assigns colors for values from the single band. Single band rasters with a palette can be additionally drawn using their palette. Multiband layers are typically drawn by mapping the bands to RGB colors. Other possibility is to use just one band for gray or pseudocolor drawing. The following sections explain how to query and modify the layer drawing style. After doing the changes, you might want to force update of map canvas, see :ref:`refresh-layer`. **TODO:** contrast enhancements, transparency (no data), user defined min/max, band statistics .. index:: Raster layers; Single band Single Band Rasters ------------------- Let's say we want to render our raster layer (assuming one band only) with colors ranging from green to yellow (for pixel values from 0 to 255). In the first stage we will prepare ``QgsRasterShader`` object and configure its shader function: >>> fcn = QgsColorRampShader() >>> fcn.setColorRampType(QgsColorRampShader.INTERPOLATED) >>> lst = [ QgsColorRampShader.ColorRampItem(0, QColor(0,255,0)), \ QgsColorRampShader.ColorRampItem(255, QColor(255,255,0)) ] >>> fcn.setColorRampItemList(lst) >>> shader = QgsRasterShader() >>> shader.setRasterShaderFunction(fcn) The shader maps the colors as specified by its color map. The color map is provided as a list of items with pixel value and its associated color. There are three modes of interpolation of values: * linear (``INTERPOLATED``): resulting color is linearly interpolated from the color map entries above and below the actual pixel value * discrete (``DISCRETE``): color is used from the color map entry with equal or higher value * exact (``EXACT``): color is not interpolated, only the pixels with value equal to color map entries are drawn In the second step we will associate this shader with the raster layer:: >>> renderer = QgsSingleBandPseudoColorRenderer(layer.dataProvider(), 1, shader) >>> layer.setRenderer(renderer) The number 1 in the code above is band number (raster bands are indexed from one). .. index:: Raster layers; Multi band Multi Band Rasters ------------------ By default, QGIS maps the first three bands to red, green and blue values to create a color image (this is the ``MultiBandColor`` drawing style. In some cases you might want to override these setting. The following code interchanges red band (1) and green band (2):: rlayer.renderer().setGreenBand(1) rlayer.renderer().setRedBand(2) In case only one band is necessary for visualization of the raster, single band drawing can be chosen --- either gray levels or pseudocolor. .. index:: pair: Raster layers; Refreshing .. _refresh-layer: Refreshing Layers ================= If you do change layer symbology and would like ensure that the changes are immediately visible to the user, call these methods :: if hasattr(layer, "setCacheImage"): layer.setCacheImage(None) layer.triggerRepaint() The first call will ensure that the cached image of rendered layer is erased in case render caching is turned on. This functionality is available from QGIS 1.4, in previous versions this function does not exist --- to make sure that the code works with all versions of QGIS, we first check whether the method exists. .. note:: This method is deprecated as of QGIS 2.18.0 and will produce a warning. Simply calling ``triggerRepaint()`` is sufficient. The second call emits signal that will force any map canvas containing the layer to issue a refresh. With WMS raster layers, these commands do not work. In this case, you have to do it explicitly :: layer.dataProvider().reloadData() layer.triggerRepaint() In case you have changed layer symbology (see sections about raster and vector layers on how to do that), you might want to force QGIS to update the layer symbology in the layer list (legend) widget. This can be done as follows (``iface`` is an instance of :class:`QgisInterface`) :: iface.legendInterface().refreshLayerSymbology(layer) .. index:: pair: Raster layers; Querying Query Values ============ To do a query on value of bands of raster layer at some specified point :: ident = rlayer.dataProvider().identify(QgsPoint(15.30, 40.98), \ QgsRaster.IdentifyFormatValue) if ident.isValid(): print ident.results() The ``results`` method in this case returns a dictionary, with band indices as keys, and band values as values. :: {1: 17, 2: 220}