When QGIS starts, you are presented with the GUI as shown in the figure (the numbers 1 through 5 in yellow circles are discussed below).
Figure QGIS GUI 1:
Informacja
Wygląd twojego okna (paska tytułu itd.) może być nieco inny w zależności od tego, jakiego systemu operacyjnego i menadżera okien używasz.
The QGIS GUI is divided into five areas:
Pasek menu
Widok mapy
Pasek statusu
These five components of the QGIS interface are described in more detail in the following sections. Two more sections present keyboard shortcuts and context help.
From the View menu (Settings under KDE), you can switch on and off QGIS widgets (Panels ‣) or toolbars (Toolbars ‣). You can (de)activate any of them by right-clicking the menu bar or a toolbar and choose the item you want. Each panel or toolbar can be moved and placed wherever you feel comfortable with in QGIS interface. The list can also be extended with the activation of Core or external plugins.
Ten pasek narzędziowy umożliwia dostęp do większości funkcji obecnych w menu, a dodatkowo do narzędzi interakcji z mapą. Każda pozycja paska posiada wyskakujący opis pomocy. Gdy przytrzymasz przez chwilę kursor myszy nad przyciskiem, wyświetli się jego krótki opis jego działania.
Every toolbar can be moved around according to your needs. Additionally, they can be switched off using the right mouse button context menu, or by holding the mouse over the toolbars.
Figure Toolbars:
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Przywracanie pasków
If you have accidentally hidden a toolbar, you can get it back by choosing menu option View ‣ Toolbars ‣ (or Settings ‣ Toolbars ‣ under Linux KDE). If for some reason a toolbar (or any other widget) totally disappears from the interface, you’ll find tips to get it back at restoring initial GUI.
QGIS provides by default many panels to work with.
Figure Panels:
Some of these panels are described below while others may be found in different parts of the document, namely:
The layers panel lists all the layers in the project. The checkbox in each legend entry can be used to show or hide the layer. The toolbar in the layers panel allows you to:
Figure Layer tools Bar:
The button allows you to add Presets views in the legend. Presets are a way to save and easily restore a combination of layers with their current style. To add a preset view, just set visible the layers you want, with their desired symbology, and click on button. Choose Add Preset... from the drop-down menu and give a name to the preset. The added preset is listed at the bottom of the drop-down menu and is recalled by clicking on it.
The Replace Preset ‣ option helps you overwrite a preset content with the current map view while the Remove Current Preset button deletes the active preset.
Wszystkie zapisane zestawy warstw są dostępne również w menadżerze wydruku tak, aby można było tworzyć wydruki na ich podstawie (zob. Main properties).
Informacja
Tools to manage the layers panel are also available to layout the map and legend items of the print composer
Warstwy można wybierać i przeciągać w dół lub górę legendy, żeby zmienić ich porządek nakładania. Warstwy umieszczone wyżej w legendzie będą rysowane ponad warstwami umieszczonymi u dołu legendy.
Informacja
This behavior can be overridden by the Layer Order panel.
Layers in the legend window can be organized into groups. There are two ways to do this:
Wybierz jakieś warstwy, następnie kliknij prawym przyciskiem myszy w polu legendy i wybierz Grupuj wybrane. Wybrane warstwy zostaną automatycznie umieszczone w nowej grupie.
Żeby wyciągnąć warstwę z grupy możesz przeciągnąć ją poza jej obszar lub kliknąć ją prawym przyciskiem i wybrać Przenieś na główny poziom. Grupy mogą być zagnieżdżane w innych grupach.
Pole wyboru przy grupie służy do ukrywania i pokazywania wszystkich warstw grupy za pomocą jednego kliknięcia.
The content of the right mouse button context menu depends on whether the selected legend item is a raster or a vector layer. For GRASS vector layers, Toggle editing is not available. See section Digitizing and editing a GRASS vector layer for information on editing GRASS vector layers.
Below are listed available options in context menu depending on the selected item.
Enabling the Mutually Exclusive Group option you can make a group have only one layer visible at the same time. Whenever a layer within the group is set visible the others will be toggled not visible.
Można wybrać naraz większą liczbę warstw lub grup przytrzymując klawisz Ctrl w czasie wybierania warstw lewym przyciskiem myszy. Wówczas można przesunąć wybrane warstwy do nowej grupy za jednym zamachem.
You may also delete more than one layer or group at once by selecting several items with the Ctrl key and pressing Ctrl+D afterwards. This way, all selected layers or groups will be removed from the layers list.
From the Layers panel, you have shortcuts to easily and quickly edit the layer rendering. Right-click on a vector layer and select Styles –> in the list in order to:
Informacja
The previous options are also available for raster layer.
Whether the features in the vector layer have all the same unique symbol or they are classified (in that case, the layer is displayed in a tree structure with each class as sub-item), the following options are available at layer level or class level:
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Quickly share a layer style
From the context menu, copy the style of a layer and paste it to a group or a selection of layers: the style is applied to all the layers that are of the same type (vector vs raster) as the original layer and, in case of vector, have the same geometry type (point, line or polygon).
There is a panel that allows you to define an independent drawing order for the layers panel. You can activate it in the menu Settings ‣ Panels ‣ Layer Order Panel. This feature allows you to, for instance, order your layers in order of importance, but still display them in the correct order (see figure_layer_order). Checking the Control rendering order box underneath the list of layers will cause a revert to default behavior.
Figure Layer Order:
This panel can show some statistics on a specific vector layers. The panel allows users to choose:
In QGIS, you can use an overview panel that provides a full extent view of layers added to it. Within the view is a rectangle showing the current map extent. This allows you to quickly determine which area of the map you are currently viewing. Note that labels are not rendered to the map overview even if the layers in the map overview have been set up for labelling. If you click and drag the red rectangle in the overview that shows your current extent, the main map view will update accordingly.
When loading or processing some operations, you can track and follow messages that appear in different tabs using the Log Messages Panel. It can be activated using the most right icon in the bottom status bar.
For each layer being edited, this panel shows the list of actions done, allowing to quickly undo a set of actions by simply selecting the action listed above.
Also called Map canvas, this is the “business end” of QGIS — maps are displayed in this area. The map displayed in this window will depend on the vector and raster layers you have chosen to load (see sections that follow for more information on how to load layers). The map view can be panned, shifting the focus of the map display to another region, and it can be zoomed in and out. Various other operations can be performed on the map as described in the label_toolbars description above. The map view and the legend are tightly bound to each other — the maps in view reflect changes you make in the legend area.
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Zmiana przybliżenia mapy za pomocą kółka myszy
Do powiększania i pomniejszania widoku można użyć kółka myszy. Należy umieścić kursor myszy w widoku mapy i przekręcić do przodu (od siebie), aby powiększyć widok lub przekręcić w tył (do siebie), aby widok pomniejszyć. Punktem centralnym przybliżenia widoku jest kursor myszy. Można dostosować zachowanie się kółka myszy w zakładce Narzędzia mapy menu Ustawienia ‣ Opcje.
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Przesuwanie mapy za pomocą klawiszy strzałek i spacji
Można używać klawiszy strzałek do przesuwania mapy. Umieść wskaźnik myszy wewnątrz pola mapy i kliknij. Użyj strzałki w prawo, aby przesunąć się na wschód, lewej, aby przesunąć się na zachód. Strzałka w górę przesunie widok na północ, a strzałka w dół przesunie widok na południe. Mapę można również przesuwać poruszając wskaźnikiem myszy przy wciśniętym klawiszu spacji lub wciśniętym kółku myszy.
The status bar provides you with general information about the map view, and actions processed or available and offers you tools to manage the map view.
On the left side of the status bar, you can get a summary of actions you’ve done (such as selecting features in a layer, removing layer) or a long description of the tool you are hovering over (not available for all tools). On startup, the bar status also informs you about availability of new or upgradeable plugins (if checked in Plugin Manager settings).
In case of lengthy operations, such as gathering of statistics in raster layers or rendering several layers in map view, a progress bar is displayed in the status bar to show the current progress of the action.
The Coordinate option shows the current position of the mouse, following it while moving across the map view. You can set the unit (and precision) to use in the project properties, General tab. Click on the small button at the left of the textbox to toggle between the Coordinate option and the Extents option that displays in map units, the coordinates of the current lower leftmost and upper rightmost points of the map view, as you pan and zoom in and out.
Next to the coordinate display you will find the Scale display. It shows the scale of the map view. If you zoom in or out, QGIS shows you the current scale. There is a scale selector, which allows you to choose among predefined and custom scales to assign to the map view.
To the right of the scale display you can define a current clockwise rotation for your map view in degrees.
On the right side of the status bar, there is a small checkbox which can be used to temporarily prevent layers being rendered to the map view (see section Renderowanie).
To the right of the render functions, you find the Current CRS: icon with the EPSG code of the current project CRS. Clicking on this lets you Enable ‘on the fly’ CRS transformation properties for the current project and apply another CRS to the map view.
Finally, the Messages button opens the Log Messages Panel which informs you on underlying process (QGIS startup, plugins loading, processing tools...)
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Określanie poprawnej skali dla twojej mapy
When you start QGIS, the default CRS is WGS 84 (epsg 4326) and units are degrees. This means that QGIS will interpret any coordinate in your layer as specified in degrees. To get correct scale values, you can either manually change this setting, e.g. to meters, in the General tab under Project ‣ Project Properties, or you can use the Current CRS: icon seen above. In the latter case, the units are set to what the project projection specifies (e.g., +units=us-ft).
Note that CRS choice on startup can be set in Settings ‣ Options ‣ CRS.